Influence of laminin-2 on Schwann cell-axon interactions

The lh3 Glycosyltransferase Directs Target-Selective Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

“…For example, axons from an excised mouse sciatic nerve grow on acellular Schwann cell basal lamina, suggesting that ECM components are sufficient to support axonal regrowth (Ide et al, 1983). These and other ex vivo experiments have contributed to the notion that during regeneration components of the ECM serve as permissive substrates (Uziyel et al, 2000; Wang et al, 1992a; 1992b; Werner et al, 2000). However, our genetic and live-cell imaging data indicate a much more directive role for the ECM during in vivo regeneration.…”

The lh3 Glycosyltransferase Directs Target-Selective Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

“…For example, axons from an excised mouse sciatic nerve grow on acellular Schwann cell basal lamina, suggesting that ECM components are sufficient to support axonal regrowth (Ide et al, 1983). These and other ex vivo experiments have contributed to the notion that during regeneration components of the ECM serve as permissive substrates (Uziyel et al, 2000; Wang et al, 1992a; 1992b; Werner et al, 2000). However, our genetic and live-cell imaging data indicate a much more directive role for the ECM during in vivo regeneration.…”

Topographical and Chemical Inductive Cues Synergistically Enhance the Schwann Cell Differentiation of Aligned Dental Pulp Stem Cell Sheets

“…SCs play a key role in remodeling the ECM of nerves both during development and after injury [58][59][60][61]. Such changes in the neural ECM, which results in deposition of an aligned basal lamina, are necessary for creating a permissive microenvironment for nerve regeneration.…”

“…In developing nerves, neural crest progenitor cells diferentiate into SC precursor cells that actively produce a fbrillar collagen matrix consisting of type I collagen [59,88,89], similar to that of uDPSC sheets generated here. With maturation, natural SCs then begin adopting a more elongated, bipolar morphology and start producing an ECM more reminiscent of a basal lamina, which is necessary for the radial sorting of axons and myelination [58,59,[88][89][90][91]. Mature SCs then decrease their laminin and NTF expression after nerve development [59,77], but nerve injury pushes these cells to diferentiate towards a regenerative phenotype that is characterized by a signifcant increase in cell elongation and increased NTF and laminin expression [77,92].…”

“…Specifically, one study found no improvement in functional recovery with reduced collateral axon branching [ 84 ]. The increased branching observed in the SC-DPSC sheets could be a consequence of the elevated laminin expression since laminin is known to promote neurite branching [ 58 ]. Additionally, the reduced type I collagen expression could contribute to 45° realignment of extending neurite-like processes since it has been reported neurites grow along collagen fibers [ 86 ]; the extending neurite-like processes could therefore potentially be jumping between different sparse collagen regions of the cell sheet.…”

Vitamin C regulates Schwann cell myelination by promoting DNA demethylation of pro‐myelinating genes

“…ECM organization and basal lamina formation are critical for Schwann cell myelination and function (Eldridge et al, 1987; Gess et al, 2011). Laminin 2 and collagens I and IV are major components of the Schwann cell basal lamina and are critical for Schwann cell myelination (Chen & Strickland, 2003; Rohr et al, 2017; Uziyel, Hall, & Cohen, 2000). Vitamin C is classically thought to promote myelination by promoting post‐translational crosslinking of collagen via P4 hydroxylase to form the basal lamina (Eldridge et al, 1987; Gorres & Raines, 2010).…”

The lh3 Glycosyltransferase Directs Target-Selective Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

“…For example, axons from an excised mouse sciatic nerve grow on acellular Schwann cell basal lamina, suggesting that ECM components are sufficient to support axonal regrowth (Ide et al, 1983). These and other ex vivo experiments have contributed to the notion that during regeneration components of the ECM serve as permissive substrates (Uziyel et al, 2000; Wang et al, 1992a; 1992b; Werner et al, 2000). However, our genetic and live-cell imaging data indicate a much more directive role for the ECM during in vivo regeneration.…”

Topographical and Chemical Inductive Cues Synergistically Enhance the Schwann Cell Differentiation of Aligned Dental Pulp Stem Cell Sheets

“…SCs play a key role in remodeling the ECM of nerves both during development and after injury [58][59][60][61]. Such changes in the neural ECM, which results in deposition of an aligned basal lamina, are necessary for creating a permissive microenvironment for nerve regeneration.…”

“…In developing nerves, neural crest progenitor cells diferentiate into SC precursor cells that actively produce a fbrillar collagen matrix consisting of type I collagen [59,88,89], similar to that of uDPSC sheets generated here. With maturation, natural SCs then begin adopting a more elongated, bipolar morphology and start producing an ECM more reminiscent of a basal lamina, which is necessary for the radial sorting of axons and myelination [58,59,[88][89][90][91]. Mature SCs then decrease their laminin and NTF expression after nerve development [59,77], but nerve injury pushes these cells to diferentiate towards a regenerative phenotype that is characterized by a signifcant increase in cell elongation and increased NTF and laminin expression [77,92].…”

“…Specifically, one study found no improvement in functional recovery with reduced collateral axon branching [ 84 ]. The increased branching observed in the SC-DPSC sheets could be a consequence of the elevated laminin expression since laminin is known to promote neurite branching [ 58 ]. Additionally, the reduced type I collagen expression could contribute to 45° realignment of extending neurite-like processes since it has been reported neurites grow along collagen fibers [ 86 ]; the extending neurite-like processes could therefore potentially be jumping between different sparse collagen regions of the cell sheet.…”

Vitamin C regulates Schwann cell myelination by promoting DNA demethylation of pro‐myelinating genes

“…ECM organization and basal lamina formation are critical for Schwann cell myelination and function (Eldridge et al, 1987; Gess et al, 2011). Laminin 2 and collagens I and IV are major components of the Schwann cell basal lamina and are critical for Schwann cell myelination (Chen & Strickland, 2003; Rohr et al, 2017; Uziyel, Hall, & Cohen, 2000). Vitamin C is classically thought to promote myelination by promoting post‐translational crosslinking of collagen via P4 hydroxylase to form the basal lamina (Eldridge et al, 1987; Gorres & Raines, 2010).…”

The lh3 Glycosyltransferase Directs Target-Selective Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

“…For example, axons from an excised mouse sciatic nerve grow on acellular Schwann cell basal lamina, suggesting that ECM components are sufficient to support axonal regrowth (Ide et al, 1983). These and other ex vivo experiments have contributed to the notion that during regeneration components of the ECM serve as permissive substrates (Uziyel et al, 2000; Wang et al, 1992a; 1992b; Werner et al, 2000). However, our genetic and live-cell imaging data indicate a much more directive role for the ECM during in vivo regeneration.…”

Topographical and Chemical Inductive Cues Synergistically Enhance the Schwann Cell Differentiation of Aligned Dental Pulp Stem Cell Sheets

“…SCs play a key role in remodeling the ECM of nerves both during development and after injury [58][59][60][61]. Such changes in the neural ECM, which results in deposition of an aligned basal lamina, are necessary for creating a permissive microenvironment for nerve regeneration.…”

“…In developing nerves, neural crest progenitor cells diferentiate into SC precursor cells that actively produce a fbrillar collagen matrix consisting of type I collagen [59,88,89], similar to that of uDPSC sheets generated here. With maturation, natural SCs then begin adopting a more elongated, bipolar morphology and start producing an ECM more reminiscent of a basal lamina, which is necessary for the radial sorting of axons and myelination [58,59,[88][89][90][91]. Mature SCs then decrease their laminin and NTF expression after nerve development [59,77], but nerve injury pushes these cells to diferentiate towards a regenerative phenotype that is characterized by a signifcant increase in cell elongation and increased NTF and laminin expression [77,92].…”

“…Specifically, one study found no improvement in functional recovery with reduced collateral axon branching [ 84 ]. The increased branching observed in the SC-DPSC sheets could be a consequence of the elevated laminin expression since laminin is known to promote neurite branching [ 58 ]. Additionally, the reduced type I collagen expression could contribute to 45° realignment of extending neurite-like processes since it has been reported neurites grow along collagen fibers [ 86 ]; the extending neurite-like processes could therefore potentially be jumping between different sparse collagen regions of the cell sheet.…”

Vitamin C regulates Schwann cell myelination by promoting DNA demethylation of pro‐myelinating genes

“…ECM organization and basal lamina formation are critical for Schwann cell myelination and function (Eldridge et al, 1987; Gess et al, 2011). Laminin 2 and collagens I and IV are major components of the Schwann cell basal lamina and are critical for Schwann cell myelination (Chen & Strickland, 2003; Rohr et al, 2017; Uziyel, Hall, & Cohen, 2000). Vitamin C is classically thought to promote myelination by promoting post‐translational crosslinking of collagen via P4 hydroxylase to form the basal lamina (Eldridge et al, 1987; Gorres & Raines, 2010).…”