Influence of exogenous enzymes in presence ofSalix babylonicaextract on digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and performance of lambs fed maize silage

Abstract

SUMMARYSixteen Suffolk lambs with 29 ± 2·0 kg body weight were housed in individual cages for 60 days and allotted to four treatments in a completely randomized design to determine the effect of administration of Salix babylonica (SB) extract and/or exogenous enzymes (ZADO ® ) on lamb performance. Lambs were fed with 300 g/kg concentrate (160 g crude protein (CP)/kg, 13·4 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg dry matter (DM)) and 700 g/kg maize silage (80 g/kg CP, 11·7 MJ ME/kg DM) as a basal diet (control). Another three treatments were tested; the SB extract was administered at 30 ml/day (SB) and exogenous enzymes ZADO ® (i.e. an exogenous enzyme cocktail in a powder form) directly fed at 10 g/day (EZ), while the last treatment contained ZADO ® at 10 g/day + SB extract at 30 ml/day (EZSB). Lambs of the treatment EZSB had the greatest average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion throughout the period of the experiment. However, during the first 30 days SB was more effective for ADG than EZ and vice versa during the last 30 days of the experiment. Water consumption was greater for SB, followed by EZ and EZSB compared to the control. Intakes of DM and organic matter (OM) were the highest in EZSB followed by EZ, which had the greatest neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and nitrogen (N) intakes. The EZSB treatment had the greatest DM and OM digestibilities compared to the other treatments; however, SB had the greatest ADF digestibility. Combination of EZ and SB had the best N balance. Allantoin, total purine derivatives (PD), allantoin : -creatinine ratio, and PD : creatinine ratio were increased in EZSB compared to the other treatments. However, EZ supplementation increased uric acid concentration, whereas the microbial N (g N/day) and metabolizable protein (g N/day) were increased in EZSB versus the other treatments. It can be concluded that addition of 10 g ZADO ® in combination with S. babylonica extract at 30 ml/day in the diet of lambs increased feed intake, nutrient digestibility and daily gain, with a positive impact on the use of N and microbial protein synthesis.

Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and ruminal fermentation activities in sheep fed Atriplex halimus ensiled with three developed enzyme cocktails

“…Addition of both enzyme preparations was less effective than that of Z2, maybe because the increasing enzyme concentrations prevented binding of enzyme to substrate receptors, which reduced proportional attachment by ruminal microorganisms to fibre (Treacher and Hunt 1996). Direct addition of Z improved ruminal fermentation kinetics which positively improved rumen fermentation resulting in higher digestibilities (Valdes et al 2015). These results are similar to other reports that showed an increase in nutrients digestibility with the same exogenous fibrolytic enzymes preparations of Z1, Z2, and Z (Khattab et al 2011;Kholif et al 2012).…”

“…It is well known that addition of exogenous enzymes to animal diets can improve feed utilization and animal performance by improving fibre degradation in vitro (Giraldo et al 2008;Elghandour et al 2013;Salem et al 2015), in situ (Chung et al 2012), and in vivo (Gado et al 2009Valdes et al 2015), increasing feed intake and digestion rate (Salem et al 2012a, b).…”

Influence of Live Cells or Cells Extract ofSaccharomyces Cerevisiaeonin VitroGas Production of a Total Mixed Ration

“…For this reason, there is substantial interest to evaluate the potential of using natural feed additives, generally recognized as safe for human consumption, to modify rumen microbial fermentation and improve feed utilization (Chaucheyras-Durand et al, 2008). Phytogenic extracts (Salem et al, 2014b;Cedillo et al, 2014Cedillo et al, , 2015, fibrolytic enzymes (Togtokhbayar et al, 2015;Valdes et al, 2015) and yeast (Elghandour et al, 2014) proved to be good strategies to modulate ruminal fermentation for better feed utilization. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, live cells (LC) or cells extract (CE) are generally recognised as safe by the US Food and Drug Administration, and they can be legally used as animal feed additives (Kwiatkowski and Kwiatkowski, 2012).…”

Semen characteristics and sexual hormones of Hy-Plus rabbit bucks influenced by a dietary multi-enzymes additive

“…Rabbit occupies a vital midway position between ruminants and non-ruminant animals and can effectively utilise cellulose-rich feed in rations containing less than 20% grain (Saleh et al, 2010). Rabbit digestive system is suitable for high cellulose diets (Abdel-Aziz et al, 2014, 2015. Simple biological characteristics, short breeding cycle, high prolificacy and high feed conversion efficiency place rabbit just below poultry in term of feed efficiency (Hasanat et al, 2006).…”

“…A variety of enzymes have been found to improve the absorption of nutrients in the intestines and the nutritive value of diets for nonruminant animals (Bedford and Morgan, 1996;Abdel-Aziz et al, 2014, 2015. The beneficial effects of adding enzymes have been attributed to a reduction in viscosity of digesta in the intestine, which results from arabinoxylans; the non starch polysaccharides present in the endosperm cell walls and which represent 70% of the total non starch polysaccharides in wheat (Zijstra et al, 1999).…”