Influence of different acid etchings on the superficial characteristics of Ti sandblasted with Al2O3

Abstract

Some implant manufactures use Al 2 O 3 instead TiO 2 powder to sandblast the machined dental implant, because Al 2 O 3 powder is commercially more easily available and is cheaper than TiO 2 powder. However, Al 2 O 3 powder usually leaves aluminum oxide contamination on the surface, which is potentially toxic. In this work, we subjected Ti discs previously sandblasted with Al 2 O 3 powder to 5 different acid etchings in order to verify which treatment is able to remove incorporated particles of Al 2 O 3 from the surface. One group of samples were only sandblasted and served as control. The samples were analyzed by electron microscopy (SEM, EDS), scanning probe microscopy, and grazing incidence XRD. The control group showed presence of Al 2 O 3 on the surface. Three acid etchings were efficient in removing the alumina from the tested samples. Almost all the tested samples showed higher roughness parameters values than the control samples. Titanium hydride was found in almost all test groups. Moreover, the results suggest that there is no incorporation of the whole Al 2 O 3 particle into the titanium surface after the collision, conversely a particle fragmentation occurs and what remains on the titanium surface are Al 2 O 3 residues.

Study of the influence of acid etching treatments on the superficial characteristics of Ti

“…Comparing the present roughness parameters results with the ones obtained by Chrcanovic et al 21 , it can be observed that the values did not significantly differ in groups AT2, AT3, and AT4. When this is taken into account it can be suggested that for these acid etching groups, at least when considering the amplitude roughness parameters, there is no need to perform the sandblasting procedure before the acid treatment in order to increase the roughness of the surface; only the acid etching treatment could be enough.…”

“…This method has advantages compared with current methods of roughening such as grit blasting, plasma spraying, and beads. As the production process does not stress the adjacent material, there is no risk of flaking or delamination and the process does not leave particles of grit 20,21 . All test groups have been acid attacked; nevertheless, due to the distinct treatment parameters, every implant displayed distinct surface roughness characteristics and a proper surface aspect that could not be mistaken.…”

“…This same research team conducted in 2013 a study comparing the effect of the same five acid etching treatment here described (Table 1) on the superficial characteristics of cpTi grade IV, but after sandblasting the samples with aluminum oxide 21 . Comparing the present roughness parameters results with the ones obtained by Chrcanovic et al 21 , it can be observed that the values did not significantly differ in groups AT2, AT3, and AT4.…”

Diabetes and Oral Implant Failure

“…Titanium with different surface modifications shows a wide range of chemical/physical properties and surface topographies/ morphologies, depending on how they are prepared and handled (Chrcanovic et al, 2012;Chrcanovic et al, 2013), and it is not clear whether, in general, one surface modification is better than another (Wennerberg and Albrektsson, 2009;Wennerberg and Albrektsson, 2010). These variables may have affected the outcome-and not just the subjection of the insertion of implants in patients who had diabetes or not.…”

Influence of Temperature and Acid Etching Time on the Superficial Characteristics of Ti

“…The method may have advantages compared with some other methods of roughening such as grit blasting, plasma spraying, and beads. As the process does not stress the adjacent material, there is no risk of flaking or delamination, thus leaving particles of grit [6][7][8] . It has been suggested that the surface modification of titanium by acid etching has a positive effect on endosseous integration.…”