Influence of coated olivine on the conversion of intermediate products from decomposition of biomass tars during gasification

Kuba, Matthias; Kirnbauer, Friedrich; Hofbauer, Hermann

doi:10.1007/s13399-016-0204-z

Cited by 45 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Olivine forms Carich layers, which improve the catalytic activity, via the interaction of the bed material particles with the woody biomass ash on the surface of the particles after days of operation [43,44]. Additionally, Wagner et al [45] and Kuba et al [16] found out that also the fuel ash has an impact on the product gas composition due to an increased catalytic activity caused by layer formation. However, for the presented test campaigns, it was not possible to run the pilot plant continuously for a few days to simulate the operation of an industrial-sized gasification plant.…”

Section: Validation Of Process Data With Ipsepromentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO2 gasification of biogenic fuels in a dual fluidized bed reactor system

Mauerhofer

Müller

Benedikt

et al. 2019

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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A 100 kW th dual fluidized bed steam gasification pilot plant has been developed at TU Wien to convert different types of biogenic fuels into a valuable product gas. In this paper, the conversion of different biogenic fuels in combination with the utilization of CO 2 as alternative gasification agent was investigated in the mentioned pilot plant. For this purpose, five experimental campaigns were carried out aiming at the investigation of softwood as reference fuel, and rapeseed cake, bark and lignin as alternative fuels. Pure olivine as well as a mixture (90/10 wt%) of olivine and limestone were used as bed materials. The product gas compositions of the different biogenic fuels changed depending on the elemental composition of the biogenic fuels. Thus, a high amount of carbon in the fuel enhanced CO formation, whereas an increased content of oxygen led to higher CO 2 contents. Additionally, the presence of alkali metals in the biomass ash favoured the production of CO. The addition of limestone enhanced the H 2 and CO contents via the water gas shift reaction as well as steam and dry reforming reactions, but had no significant effect on tar contents. Overall, this paper presents the feasibility of the dual-fluidized bed gasification process of different biogenic fuels with CO 2 as gasification agent. Keywords CO 2 gasification. Biomass. Biogenic residue. 100 kW th pilot plant. CO 2 conversion. Hydrogen balance

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Section: Validation Of Process Data With Ipsepromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kuba et al found out that the WGS reaction is a follow-up reaction of the steam reforming reaction, where part of the produced CO during steam reforming is converted into H 2 and CO 2 in the presence of H 2 O. [16] Eq. 3 describes the endothermic steam reforming of hydrocarbons and is especially important for steam gasification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 gasification of biogenic fuels in a dual fluidized bed reactor system

Mauerhofer

Müller

Benedikt

et al. 2019

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…Mauerhofer et al tested K-feldspar (0.87 kg kg −1 K-feldspar, 0.07 kg kg −1 Na-feldspar) as a bed material for DFB steam gasification and observed a low catalytic activity, compared to olivine and calcite [40]. Selective tests of the catalytic activity showed no activity regarding the WGS reaction [25] and tar reduction [41], though it was possible to observe an activation over time during DFB steam gasification with an ash-rich fuel mixture of bark, straw, and chicken manure [24]. The influence of phosphorus, originating from chicken manure, on layer formation on K-feldspar was studied for combustion and steam gasification atmosphere by Wagner et al [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of residual fuel ash layers on the catalytic activation of K-feldspar regarding the water–gas shift reaction

Fürsatz

Kuba

Janisch

et al. 2020

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Interaction of biomass ash and bed materials in thermochemical conversion in fluidized beds leads to changes of the bed particle surface due to ash layer formation. Ash components present on the bed particle surface strongly depend on the ash composition of the fuel. Thus, the residual biomass used has a strong influence on the surface changes on bed particles in fluidized bed conversion processes and, therefore, on the catalytic performance of the bed material layers. Ash layer formation is associated with an increase in the catalytic activity of the bed particles in gasification and plays a key role in the operability of different biomass fuels. The catalytic activation over time was observed for K-feldspar used as the bed material with bark, chicken manure, and a mixture of bark and chicken manure as fuels. The changes on the bed material surfaces were further characterized by SEM/ EDS and BET analyses. Raman, XPS, and XRD analyses were used to characterize the crystal phases on the bed material surface. An increase in surface area over time was observed for K-feldspar during the interaction with biomass ash. Additionally, a more inhomogeneous surface composition for fuels containing chicken manure in comparison to pure bark was observed. This was due to the active participation of phosphorus from the fuel ash in the ash transformation reactions leading to their presence on the particle surface. A decreased catalytic activity was observed for the same BET surface area compared to bark combustion, caused by the different fuel ash composition of chicken manure.

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“…[12,13]. However, the mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation are understood in terms of the chemistry of gas-phase radicals [14][15][16], so it is likely that the ash-coated olivine can alter the gas-phase chemistry both indirectly, as a result of heterogeneous catalysis [11], as well as directly owing to the inhibitory effects of alkali on the formation of tar and soot [12,13]. Based on the existing literature [11,12,[17][18][19], Figure 1 depicts the potential interplays between heterogeneous (lower box) and…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…homogeneous (upper box) interactions between the ash-layered olivine and the tar chemistry. [11,12,[17][18][19] . HC' represents a generic hydrocarbon, and HC˙ represents a generic hydrocarbon radical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of In-Bed Catalysis by Ash-Coated Olivine on Tar Formation in Steam Gasification of Biomass

2018

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The use of catalytic bed materials represents a state-of-the-art solution for controlling the concentration of tars in fluidized bed biomass steam gasifiers. Ash-coated olivine is commonly applied as a bed material in gasifiers, owing to its relatively high catalytic activity towards tar species. However, the mechanisms and conversion pathways that are influenced by the ashcoated olivine used as an in-bed catalyst are not fully understood. The present work examines how ash-layered olivine prevents the formation of biomass-derived tar at an early stage of their formation. Tests involving olivine at different stages of activation and at different temperatures were carried out in the Chalmers 2-4-MWth DFB gasifier. A detailed characterization of the tar and light hydrocarbon fractions is presented and discussed in relation to the sources of the aromatic species. It is concluded that the ash-coated olivine prevents the formation of aromatic tar species by promoting steam reforming of early tar precursors. Gas-phase interactions of the early tar precursors and bed material contribute to the observed tar reduction. The results indicate that olivine interferes with the cyclization routes that involve C2H2 and C3 hydrocarbons.

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Influence of coated olivine on the conversion of intermediate products from decomposition of biomass tars during gasification

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

CO2 gasification of biogenic fuels in a dual fluidized bed reactor system

CO2 gasification of biogenic fuels in a dual fluidized bed reactor system

Impact of residual fuel ash layers on the catalytic activation of K-feldspar regarding the water–gas shift reaction

Influence of In-Bed Catalysis by Ash-Coated Olivine on Tar Formation in Steam Gasification of Biomass

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