Abstract:Aims: We investigated the changes in bladder and urethral function after cerebral infarction (CI) and the influence of tramadol on these functions. Methods: Twenty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into normal and CI groups. In the awake condition, metabolic cage study and blood pressure were evaluated. Under urethane anesthesia, the intravenous effect of tramadol (0.01-1 mg/kg), which has both µ-opioid receptor stimulation and inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake, on continuous cyst… Show more
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