Influence of Cell Design on Temperatures and Temperature Gradients in Lithium-Ion Cells: An In Operando Study

Waldmann, Thomas; Bisle, Gunther; Hogg, Bjoern-Ingo; Stumpp, Stefan; Danzer, Michael A.; Kasper, Michael; Axmann, Peter; Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens, Margret

doi:10.1149/2.0561506jes

Cited by 112 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The first row of each table corresponds to the thermocouple number as described in The colour coded scale displayed in Figure 3 shows that for most conditions (ambient temperature and C rate) the centre of the cell (thermocouple 6 and 13) is generally the hottest location (red) and the tabs (thermocouple 1 and 2) are the coldest (blue). This in agreement with the literature for NMC pouch cells [32,33], however hotspots in the positive tab have been reported in LMO pouch cells [34]. These results are discussed in more detail in Section 4.1.…”

Section: Dischargesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…for an 18650 high power NMC+LMO/graphite the maximum temperature difference on the cell surface is 0.8 ± 0.1˚C during a 1C discharge. This increases to 6.5 ± 0.1˚C if the same cell is discharged at a rate of 16C [32]. Similar behaviour has also been modelled in cylindrical LFP cells [36] and 16Ah LG Chem LiMn 2 O 4 cathode/graphite anode pouch cells [34].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Strong thermal gradients can also lead to deformations of the jelly roll in cylindrical cells [22,31]. The geometric orientation of the temperature gradient is also important: for a pouch cell, it has been shown that temperature gradients perpendicular to the stack layers lead to higher local currents and faster degradation compared to temperature gradients in-plane 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 been overlooked in the literature, since other studies on thermal gradients on large pouch cells [32][33][34][35] only consider one surface. The maximum temperature differences of a 16Ah NMC/graphite pouch cell surface has been reported to reach 2˚C, 4˚C and 10.5˚C for discharge C-rates of 1C, 3C and 8C, respectively [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geometric orientation of the temperature gradient is also important: for a pouch cell, it has been shown that temperature gradients perpendicular to the stack layers lead to higher local currents and faster degradation compared to temperature gradients in-plane 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 been overlooked in the literature, since other studies on thermal gradients on large pouch cells [32][33][34][35] only consider one surface. The maximum temperature differences of a 16Ah NMC/graphite pouch cell surface has been reported to reach 2˚C, 4˚C and 10.5˚C for discharge C-rates of 1C, 3C and 8C, respectively [32]. A similar range of values for temperature gradients was recently reported for a 50 Ah NMC pouch cell: for 25˚C ambient a 2.5˚C and 5.5˚C cell surface difference at 3C and 6C discharge respectively, and for 0˚C ambient a 5.5˚C and 9˚C cell surface difference at 3C and 6C discharge respectively [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1-5C and 10-20C in EV and HEV applications respectively, and will be susceptible to thermal gradients. However, very few studies measure heat generation at high C rates (above 1C) [23] and often this is only performed at one [32,35], sometimes two ambient temperatures [33]. Furthermore, no literature exits where two surfaces have been simultaneously instrumented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Large format lithium ion pouch cell full thermal characterisation for improved electric vehicle thermal management

Grandjean

Barai

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.  Gradients across the cell thickness can be larger than across the cell surface. Similar heat distribution between charge and discharge scenarios. Self heating increases available capacity at low temperatures *Highlights (for review) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 AbstractIt is crucial to maintain temperature homogeneity in lithium ion batteries in order to prevent adverse voltage distributions and differential ageing within the cell. As such, the thermal behaviour of a large-format 20 Ah lithium iron phosphate pouch cell is investigated over a wide range of ambient temperatures and C rates during both charging and discharging. Whilst previous studies have only considered one surface, this article presents experimental results, which characterise both surfaces of the cell exposed to similar thermal media and boundary conditions, allowing for thermal gradients in-plane and perpendicular to the stack to be quantified. Temperature gradients, caused by self-heating, are found to increase with increasing C rate and decreasing temperature to such an extent that 13.4 ± 0.7% capacity can be extracted using a 10C discharge compared to a 0.5C discharge, both at -10°C ambient temperature. The former condition causes a 18.8 ± 1.1˚C in plane gradient and a 19.7 ± 0.8˚C thermal gradient perpendicular to the stack, which results in large current density distributions and local state of charge differences within the cell. The implications of these thermal and electrical inhomogeneities on ageing and battery pack design for the automotive industry are discussed.

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Section: Dischargesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Large format lithium ion pouch cell full thermal characterisation for improved electric vehicle thermal management

Grandjean

Barai

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Fundamentals and Challenges of Lithium Ion Batteries at Temperatures between −40 and 60 °C

Hou

Yang

Wang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

250

194

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Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) continuously prove themselves to be the main power source in consumer electronics and electric vehicles. To ensure environmental sustainability, LIBs must be capable of performing well at extreme temperatures, that is, between −40 and 60 °C. In this review, the recent important progress and advances in the subzero and elevated temperature operations of LIBs is comprehensively summarized from a materials perspective. In the scenario of subzero temperatures, limitations, electrolytes, anodes, and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI); cathodes and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI); and binders are thoroughly discussed to explore the fundamentals and basics that underlie the decay in electrochemical performance and how the chemistry, physics, and electrochemistry are correlated with the materials and components that interact with each other. In the case of high temperatures limitations, the thermal stability of the key materials and components are reviewed, and then the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics of the anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and their interactions are described using the highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (LUMO), and are extensively discussed. The prospect of combining the extreme temperature poles in a single cell by introducing appropriate electrolytes and additives is discussed.

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Accurate Model Parameter Identification to Boost Precise Aging Prediction of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review

Ding,

Li,

Dai

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Precise prediction of lithium‐ion cell level aging under various operating conditions is an imperative but challenging part of ensuring the quality performance of emerging applications such as electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. Accurate and real‐time battery‐aging prediction models, which require an exact understanding of the degradation mechanisms of battery components and materials, could in turn provide new insights for materials and battery basic research. Furthermore, the primary barrier to meaningful artificial intelligence/machine learning for accelerating the prediction period is the exploitation of accurate aging mechanistic descriptors. This review comprehensively summarizes the evolution of deterioration mechanisms at the material and cell level in different environments and usage scenarios, including the intricate relationships between aging mechanisms, degradation modes, and external influences, which are the cornerstones of modeling simulation and machine learning techniques. Recent advances in electrochemical models coupled with internal battery degradation mechanisms as well as identification and tracking of aging parameters are shown, with particular emphasis on electrode balance and the anticipated trend of machine learning‐assisted reliable remaining useful life prediction. Precise simulation prediction of cell level aging will continue to play an essential role in advanced smart battery research and management, enhancing its performance while shortening experimental sequences.

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Influence of Cell Design on Temperatures and Temperature Gradients in Lithium-Ion Cells: An In Operando Study

Cited by 112 publications

References 25 publications

Large format lithium ion pouch cell full thermal characterisation for improved electric vehicle thermal management

Large format lithium ion pouch cell full thermal characterisation for improved electric vehicle thermal management

Fundamentals and Challenges of Lithium Ion Batteries at Temperatures between −40 and 60 °C

Accurate Model Parameter Identification to Boost Precise Aging Prediction of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review

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