Influence of Black and White Nets on Photosynthesis, Yield and Fruit Quality of Apple (Malus Domestica Borkh.)

Štampar, Franci; Hudina, M.; Usenik, V.; Sturm, K.; Zadravec, P.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2001.557.47

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, shading might decrease P n when PPFD is low (i.e. in the early morning and late afternoon) and could even lead to reduced biomass productivity (Stampar, Hudina, Usenik, Sturm & Zadravec, 2001). Therefore, it is important to know whether plants are being exposed to excess light in order that lighting conditions may be adjusted at the correct time.…”

Section: Response Of Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis Under A Natural mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light stress-induced chloroplast movement and midday depression of photosynthesis in sorghum leaves

Maai

Nishimura

Takisawa

et al. 2019

Plant Production Science

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Plants are exposed to high light intensity, high leaf temperatures and high air-to-leaf water vapor pressure deficit (ALVPD) during the day. These environmental stresses cause stomatal closure and photoinhibitory damage, leading to midday depression of photosynthesis. Chloroplast positioning is essential for the efficient operation of photosynthesis. However, chloroplast behavior before, during, and even after the midday depression of photosynthesis remains unknown. We investigated changes in the intracellular positioning of chloroplasts and photosynthetic traits under a diurnal pattern of light. Sorghum leaves were exposed to a 12-h regime of light mimicking the natural light environment, with constant leaf temperature and ALVPD. Net photosynthetic rate (P n) showed a diurnal pattern, and midday depression in P n was observed at 3.8 h of irradiation. Depression in P n was attributed to stomatal limitation because the decrease in P n was in accordance with the decrease in stomatal conductance. The maximum efficiency of photosystem II decreased with the increase in light intensity and remained low after 12 h of irradiation. Bundle sheath chloroplasts swelled after 8 h of irradiation, representing the accumulation of starch. Conversely, mesophyll chloroplasts exhibited avoidance response after 4 h of irradiation, and the avoidance position was maintained during the remainder of the daytime. These data suggest that chloroplasts are subject to light stress during and after the midday depression of photosynthesis. The intensity of natural light is excessive for most of the day and this light stress induces chloroplast avoidance response and depression of photosynthesis.

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Section: Response Of Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis Under A Natural mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light stress-induced chloroplast movement and midday depression of photosynthesis in sorghum leaves

Maai

Nishimura

Takisawa

et al. 2019

Plant Production Science

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“…The application of SN in orchards originated from the ameliorative effect of shade on radiation and temperature observed under natural conditions. Several studies (e.g., Funke et al, 2003;Guerrero et al, 2002;Stampar et al, 2001;Widmer, 2001) reported the dual use of hail nets for protection from hail storms and sunburn. However, attenuation of solar irradiance may affect color development in red apple cultivars (Funke et al, 2003;Guerrero et al, 2002;Widmer, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effects of Evaporative Cooling, Kaolin Particle Film, and Shade Net on Sunburn and Fruit Quality in Apples

Gindaba¹,

Wand²

2005

HortSci

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We investigated the effects of evaporative cooling (EC), kaolin particle film (KP) and 20% shade net (SN) on the control of sunburn, fruit temperature amelioration and fruit quality of `Cripps' Pink' and `Royal Gala' apples [Malus domestica Borkh.] under orchard conditions during the 2003–04 season in Stellenbosch, South Africa. On days with maximum air temperatures of 34 to 37 °C, SN fruit were 5.4 to 9.7 °C cooler, EC fruit were 3.1 to 5.8 °C cooler and KP fruit were 1.5 to 6.4 °C cooler compared to the control (nontreated, CO) fruit. SN was effective in reducing fruit temperature from mid-morning until midafternoon; KP was most effective during late morning and early afternoon but not at midday; EC was effective from late morning on days when EC was activated. SN, followed by KP, was the most effective technique for controlling sunburn in fruit of both cultivars, with EC being less effective. The different technologies reduced fruit blush color compared to the CO treatment, with SN showing the most reduction and EC the least. EC increased fruit mass compared to all other treatments in `Royal Gala', and also increased fruit diameter and mass compared to CO in `Cripps' Pink'. We conclude that under the high radiation levels experienced in South African apple production areas, technologies which reduce irradiance as well as fruit temperature (KP, SN) are more effective in reducing sunburn than those which only reduce fruit temperature (EC). However, radiation-reducing technologies are potentially detrimental to color development on blushed apples.

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“…In other cases, tree response to exclusion netting varied considerably based on biological (e.g., genotype) and environmental factors. For example, alteration of fruit quality under exclusion netting differed among seasons as a function of the environmental conditions [38,39]. Further, nets vary considerably in material construction (type of polymer, density, color, weave, etc.…”

Section: Global Organic Fruit Production Increased 109% Between 2008 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Net Enclosure of ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Gala’ Apple Trees at Different Bloom Stages Affects Fruit Set and Alters Seed Production

et al. 2019

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Thinning is a critical but challenging practice in apple production, especially for organic producers. The objective of this experiment was to determine if exclusion netting, used to manage insect pests and stress, could reduce fruit set and thinning requirements of ‘Gala’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees in Michigan and Washington, U.S.A., respectively. Nets were closed around whole canopies at different timings based on a predetermined percentage of open flowers. In 2017 and 2018, netted trees set a full commercial crop regardless of percentage of open bloom at the time of netting, including prebloom enclosures. Fruit set and yield of netted ‘Honeycrisp’ trees were significantly lower than non-netted, nonthinned controls but similar to non-netted hand-thinned controls. ‘Gala’ fruit set and yield did not differ among treatments. Exclusion netting markedly reduced the number of mature seeds and increased the number of nonfertilized seeds in both cultivars. Pollinator exclusion to ‘Gala’ in a frost year increased parthenocarpic fruit set two-fold compared to non-netted trees. Fruit size, shape, and quality attributes of ‘Gala’ were were similar among treatments, but ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit were significantly smaller than hand-thinned, non-netted controls. Netting may constitute an alternative, viable strategy to manage fruit set but requires testing on different cultivars.

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Influence of Black and White Nets on Photosynthesis, Yield and Fruit Quality of Apple (Malus Domestica Borkh.)

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Light stress-induced chloroplast movement and midday depression of photosynthesis in sorghum leaves

Light stress-induced chloroplast movement and midday depression of photosynthesis in sorghum leaves

Comparative Effects of Evaporative Cooling, Kaolin Particle Film, and Shade Net on Sunburn and Fruit Quality in Apples

Net Enclosure of ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Gala’ Apple Trees at Different Bloom Stages Affects Fruit Set and Alters Seed Production

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