Influence of antimony oxide on flammability of polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant system

Li, Na; Yin, Xia; Mao, Zongwen; Wang, Liang; Guan, Yong; Zheng, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.06.011

Cited by 79 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Addition of antimony oxide to PP-IFR system shows that its tensile strength increases upto addition of 1 % antimony oxide and after that it decreases with increasing antimony oxide concentration while same kind of result was observed in case of bending strength and impact strength [34]. Kandola et al [73] found that the addition of phosphate based intumescent and the mixture of intumescent and inherent flame retardant fibre to glass-epoxy composite dose not reduce the flexural modulus and in some cases it increases slightly while its tensile modulus decreases with additives.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…It was observed that zeolites, organoboron Siloxane can catalyse the esterification among IFR components in IFR-PP system while the presence of some synergist like ferric oxide, titanium-di-oxide and aluminium-try-oxide can improve the limiting oxygen index of IFR-PP system effectively [30][31][32][33]. Li et al [34] have found that addition of 2 % antimony oxide to PP-APP base IFR (AO-PP-IFR) system improves its LOI from 27.8 to 36.4. Figure 3 shows the photographs of LOI test specimen which indicates that the AO-PP-IFR composite forms more char than the PP-IFR composite.…”

Section: Thermoplastic Flame Retardant Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flame retardant polymer composites

2015

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In this review article, different approaches of enhancing flame retardancy of polymeric composite material and their effect on different composite properties are analysed critically. The mechanisms of fire spreading on composite materials are also discussed. Flame retardancy of polymeric composite material can be enhanced either by enhancing the fire performance of constituents of composite i.e. matrices and reinforcing agents or by providing a protective flame retardant (FR) coating around the composite material. Fire performance of reinforcing material is improved by treating with FR-chemicals while the fire performance of polymer matrices can be improved by incorporating micro and nano FR-fillers or by introducing FR-compound into polymer backbone. The flammability of micro and nano filler added polymeric composites and newly developed polymer derivatives and their effect on composite properties like mechanical, thermal have been discussed. However, the development of flame retardant polymer composite is still at nascent stage and for further development, it is necessary to work on the development of non-health hazardous, environment friendly flame retarding agents which will be able to enhance the fire performance of composite materials at very low concentration levels.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Thermoplastic Flame Retardant Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardant polymer composites

2015

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“…At the same time water vapor [25] and ammonia are released and dilute the gaseous products of the rubber thermal decomposition, decreasing the energetic balance of its combustion process. So, the synergetic flame-retardant action of the APP-ATH system consists in forming an isolating cross-linked boundary layer containing aluminum phosphate (Table 4).…”

Section: Thermal Stability and Flammability Of Nr Rubber Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Lignocellulose Fillers on Properties Natural Rubber Composites

et al. 2017

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The present article presents unreported yet in the subject literature examinations of the effect of a lignocellulose filler obtained from an alkalized wheat straw treated with di-potassium phosphate on the properties of natural rubber composites. The thermal and mechanical properties as well as the fire hazard of the composites obtained were tested also in the presence of an additive flame-retardant compound (poly(ammonium phosphate)), exploiting the synergism of its action with pentaerythritol, antimony trioxide, aluminum hydroxide and zinc borate. Based on the results obtained by the methods of thermal and mechanical analyses, micro-calorimetry and cone calorimetry, it has been found that the bio-filler increases, especially in the presence of additive flame-retardant, the resistance of the bio-composites tested to the action of fire, without a significant deterioration in their mechanical properties.

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“…Copper is used to transmit electric signals in the PCBs (Duan et al, 2011), and its use is fundamental, regardless of technological innovation or period of PCB manufacture. Iron (142 00-149 000 mg/kg), aluminum (295 00-816 00 mg/kg), tin (393 00-648 00 mg/kg) and zinc (190 00-552 00 mg/kg) are also abundant, together representing (Li et al, 2012). The other metals detected at a very low levels are silver, arsenic, gold, cadmium, cobalt, lithium, molybdenum, platinum and vanadium.…”

Section: Metallic Contents Of Wpcbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of electronic waste toxicity: Trends in innovation and regulation

Chen

Ogunseitan

Wang

et al. 2016

Environment International

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Rapid innovation in printed circuit board, and the uncertainties surrounding quantification of the human and environmental health impacts of e-waste disposal have made it difficult to confirm the influence of evolving ewaste management strategies and regulatory policies on materials. To assess these influences, we analyzed hazardous chemicals in a market-representative set of Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs, 1996(WPCBs, -2010. We used standard leaching tests to characterize hazard potential and USEtox ® to project impacts on human health and ecosystem. The results demonstrate that command-and-control regulations have had minimal impacts on WPCBs composition and toxicity risks; whereas technological innovation may have been influenced more by resource conservation, including a declining trend in the use of precious metals such as gold. WPCBs remain classified as hazardous under U.S. and California laws because of excessive toxic metals. Lead poses the most significant risk for cancers; zinc for non-cancer diseases; copper had the largest potential impact on ecosystem quality. Among organics, acenaphthylene, the largest risk for cancers; naphthalene for non-cancer diseases; pyrene has the highest potential for ecotoxicological impacts. These findings support the need for stronger enforcement of international policies and technology innovation to implement the strategy of design-for-theenvironment and to encourage recovery, recycling, and reuse of WPCBs.

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Influence of antimony oxide on flammability of polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant system

Cited by 79 publications

References 25 publications

Flame retardant polymer composites

Flame retardant polymer composites

Influence of Lignocellulose Fillers on Properties Natural Rubber Composites

Evolution of electronic waste toxicity: Trends in innovation and regulation

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