Influence of Antibody on the Structure of Glucans

Kopec, Leslie K; Smith, A. M.; Wunder, David; Ng-Evans, L.; Bowen, William H.

doi:10.1159/000057868

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The levels of GTF B, C, and D in the culture supernatant of S. mutans growing in the presence of apigenin (see experimental design I in Fig. 1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using polyclonal anti-GTF B, anti-GTF C, and anti-GTF D rabbit sera as described elsewhere (12,16). An ELISA plate was coated with the culture supernatant.…”

Section: Treatment Of Planktonic Cells and Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Apigenin on gtf Gene Expression in Streptococcus mutans UA159

Koo

Seils

Abranches

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Apigenin, a potent inhibitor of glucosyltransferase activity, affects the accumulation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms in vitro by reducing the formation of insoluble glucans and enhancing the soluble glucan content of the polysaccharide matrix. In the present study, we investigated the influence of apigenin on gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD expression in S. mutans UA159. Apigenin (0.1 mM) significantly decreased the expression of gtfB and gtfC mRNA (P < 0.05); in contrast, it increased the expression of gtfD in S. mutans growing in the planktonic state. The protein levels of GTF B, GTF C, and GTF D in culture supernatants were also affected; less GTF B and C were detected, whereas the level of GTF D was significantly elevated (P < 0.05). A similar profile of gtf expression was obtained with biofilms, although an elevated concentration (1 mM) of apigenin was required to elicit the effects. The influence of apigenin on gtf gene expression was independent of any effect on GTF activity, did not involve inhibition of growth or effects on pH, and was not affected by addition of sucrose. The data show that apigenin modulates the genetic expression of virulence factors in S. mutans.The ability of Streptococcus mutans to synthesize extracellular glucans is a critical virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis of dental caries in animals and humans (19,22,26). This bacterium harbors three distinct gtf genes expressing glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity (17). The gtfB and gtfC genes are in an operon-like arrangement and encode enzymes that produce mostly water-insoluble ␣-(133)-linked glucans, whereas the gtfD gene, which is not linked to the gtfBC locus, encodes an enzyme that synthesizes water-soluble ␣-(136)-linked glucans.Glucans provide binding sites for, and promote accumulation of, cariogenic streptococci (and other oral microorganisms) on the tooth surface, and they contribute to the establishment of the extracellular polysaccharide matrix, which provides bulk and structural integrity to dental biofilms (known as dental plaque) (4). By preventing glucan production, therapeutic approaches to influencing the formation or virulence of dental biofilms related to caries could be precise and selective and would not necessarily suppress the resident oral flora. Mutant strains of S. mutans defective in the gtf genes, especially gtfB and gtfC, are far less cariogenic than the parent strains in vivo (26). Therefore, agents that affect the expression of gtf genes offer a very attractive route for prevention of dental biofilm-related diseases, such as dental caries.Apigenin, a nontoxic bioflavonoid ubiquitously found in plant-derived foods and propolis (a honeybee product), is a novel anticaries and antiplaque agent in vitro and in vivo (13,14,15). Apigenin effectively disrupted the formation and accumulation of S. mutans UA159 biofilms without killing the organism (15). Analysis of the polysaccharide content of the matrix from a biofilm revealed that apigenin remarkably diminished the amounts of insoluble glucans but increased the...

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Section: Treatment Of Planktonic Cells and Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Apigenin on gtf Gene Expression in Streptococcus mutans UA159

Koo

Seils

Abranches

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The operon has strong promoter at the top of gtf B. While for grf C, its operon was at the bottom of gtf C. 9 S.mutansgtf B/C enzyme creates pathogenic insoluble glucan because polimer glucose produced by these two enzymes was aggregation mediator for bacteria on dental surface. 10,11 This can contribute to the intensity of thickness and structure integrity of dental plaque which later can form caries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucosyltransferase B/C expression in Streptococcus mutans of rampant and caries-free children

Nonong

2009

Dent. J. (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)

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“…Kopec et al have recently reported that the enzymatic activity of glucosyltransferase (GTF), produced by mutans streptococci, which induces dental caries via forming of biofi lm known as dental plaque, was enhanced GTF-specifi c IgG (19). In that paper they showed that such enhancement induced by the specifi c IgG was dominantly observed when GTF was expressed on the surface of the bacteria, similar to the urease of H. pylori, and referred that the specifi c IgG may infl uence on the GTF glucan structure, which would impact on the plaque formation via augmentation of the susceptibility to other bacterial components.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentation of Helicobacter pylori urease activity by its specific IgG antibody: implications for bacterial colonization enhancement

et al. 2005

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Gastric colonization of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) occurs in a very early age via infected mothers having H. pylori-specifi c IgG antibodies that would be transplacentally transferred to infants. In addition, H. pylori urease-specifi c IgG was associated with chronic gastric atrophy and post-immunization gastritis is usually correlated with a strong local IgG response. These fi ndings indicate that H. pylori-specifi c IgG antibodies, in particular its urease-specifi c IgG, may induce unfavorable infl uence on host resistance against H. pylori. Here, we show that we have found a unique H. pylori urease-specifi c IgG monoclonal antibody (MAb), termed S3, recognizing the conformational structure of the small subunit Ure-A, which enhanced the urease enzymatic activity.

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Influence of Antibody on the Structure of Glucans

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Influence of Apigenin on gtf Gene Expression in Streptococcus mutans UA159

Influence of Apigenin on gtf Gene Expression in Streptococcus mutans UA159

Glucosyltransferase B/C expression in Streptococcus mutans of rampant and caries-free children

Augmentation of Helicobacter pylori urease activity by its specific IgG antibody: implications for bacterial colonization enhancement

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