Influence of Anti-Caking Agents on the Highly Effective Organic Coatings for Preventing the Caking of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizers

Tyc, Aleksandra; Nieweś, Dominik; Penkala, Szymon; Grzesik, Ryszard; Hoffmann, J.

doi:10.3390/coatings10111093

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the interference of the liquid bridge by SDS also postpones the occurrence of a strong nuclei formation, especially at the connecting area between fertilizer granules. As a result, reduced crystal bridges were generated, preserving the free‐flowing property of the fertilizer 43,44 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of new water‐based anticaking agents for NPK fertilizers using response surface methodology

Surachaitanawat

Yulianto

Wirasate

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Caking remains a problem for the fertilizer industry in Thailand, especially for NPK fertilizers (15‐7‐18 and 18‐4‐5), leading to difficulty in application. In this work, we developed new water‐based anticaking agents to obtain high anticaking performance using response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Nineteen chemical substances were screened and effects of three independent variables (polymer, surfactant, and solvent contents) were investigated. The practicability of the model validated through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and experiments were compared. Anticaking performance of the coatings was validated using our designed‐accelerated caking method, expressed as the percentage of decrease in caking (%DC). Crushing strength and SEM/EDS analysis were used to evaluate the mechanical property and elemental composition of the coated fertilizers, respectively. The results suggested that different optimal compositions were required for different fertilizer formulas. In addition, only surfactant had a positive effect on caking prevention. The optimized anticaking coatings for 15‐7‐18 and 18‐4‐5 showed excellent performance with 92.0 %DC and 98.8 %DC, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, reduced crystal bridges were generated, preserving the free-flowing property of the fertilizer. 43,44 The polymer acts as a binder to support other effective molecules (i.e., surfactants) to attach to the fertilizer surface. 31 Due to its hygroscopicity, too much polymer in…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling and Anova Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of new water‐based anticaking agents for NPK fertilizers using response surface methodology

Surachaitanawat

Yulianto

Wirasate

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…To spray the solution to cover the fertilizer granules, a sprinkler was used with a connected air supply hose to obtain a slight mist and direct the spray to the interior of the running drum with the fertilizer placed inside. The applied temperature (22 °C) and coverage were based on previous studies [ 45 ]. On an industrial scale, at the production facility, the anti-caking agent is sprayed at 70 °C directly onto the fertilizers (without the use of solvent).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples for analysis were dissolved in chloroform, and 1 µL of the samples was injected into a column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm; HP5 MS) with a 4:1 split (320 °C) at a constant flow rate (3 mL/min). The temperature program used was 120 °C (3 min), 10 °C/min–210 °C (6 min), and 10 °C/min–300 °C (23 min) [ 45 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Caking Coatings for Improving the Useful Properties of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizers with Composition Modeling Using Box–Behnken Design

et al. 2021

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Granular fertilizers (especially those based on ammonium nitrate (AN)) tend to agglomerate during storage. The aims of this research were to develop effective anti-caking coatings for ammonium nitrate fertilizers while improving the quality of fertilizers and to optimize the composition of effective anti-caking coatings. The influence of the composition of the prepared organic coatings on the effectiveness of preventing the caking of fertilizers was studied by response surface methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Additionally, the effect of the developed anti-caking agents on the quality of fertilizers was determined by measuring the crushing strength of the granules. The prepared coatings included fatty amine, stearic acid, surfactant, and paraffin wax. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze these coatings. The morphology of the fertilizers were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Composition studies, based on statistical assessment, showed the coating components had a varying influence on preventing the caking of fertilizers after granulation and after 30 days of storage. The results demonstrated that increasing the content of fatty amines and reducing surfactant in the composition of coating had positive effects on caking prevention. In this study, more effective and economically viable anti-caking coatings were developed. In addition, the present work could serve as a basis to further improve anti-caking coatings.

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“…In all production methods of ammonium nitrate, chemicals are added to limit its moisture sorption properties (Gezerman, 2021). The chemical used to limit the hygroscopic properties of ammonium nitrate is not a preferred method by manufacturers due to the cost problem (Tyc et al, 2021;Tyc et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Optimum Conditions with Regression Analysis within the Scope of 6 Sigma for Eliminating Caking Problem in Nitrogen Fertilizers

Gezerman¹,

Dolunay²

2022

MAS

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In the nitrogen fertilizer industry, the nitrogen content of chemical fertilizers is an important parameter that determines its physical strength, storage capacity and storage life. The production variables that determine this physical parameter, which is characterized as degradation and caking, can be expressed as the characteristics that determine the course of the chemical process. Although there are improvements in reaction conditions to solve the caking problem, the cost problem of the manufacturer limits the processing conditions. For this reason, in order to minimize the cost problem in any nitrogen fertilizer production process, the analysis of working conditions and the development of quality management systems accordingly constitute the focus of the manufacturer. In this study, within the scope of lean production, regression analysis of the 6-sigma quality method system was performed, the process parameters during the production were analyzed, the optimum conditions were determined and the effect on the production cost was investigated by comparing with the current production conditions.

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Influence of Anti-Caking Agents on the Highly Effective Organic Coatings for Preventing the Caking of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizers

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Development of new water‐based anticaking agents for NPK fertilizers using response surface methodology

Development of new water‐based anticaking agents for NPK fertilizers using response surface methodology

Anti-Caking Coatings for Improving the Useful Properties of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizers with Composition Modeling Using Box–Behnken Design

Determination of Optimum Conditions with Regression Analysis within the Scope of 6 Sigma for Eliminating Caking Problem in Nitrogen Fertilizers

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