Influence of Adrenalectomy in Female Rats on Reproductive Processes Including Effects on the Foetus and Offspring

Thoman, Evelyn B.; Sproul, Myrna; Seeler, Barbara J.; Levine, Seymour

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0460297

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Thoman recently demonstrated that adrenalectomy does not interfere with mating and impregnation and the ability to carry viable litters to term, although litter size was smaller, the pups weighed less, and had higher levels of plasma corticosterone than pups of non-adrenalectomized mothers. Lactation was sufficient to maintain the young (200). Others have supported the ability of adrenalectomized animals to become pregnant (98), and implicated the role of cor-· ticoids in parturition (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Adrenal Involvement in Determining the Time of Onset of Puberty in the Rat1

Gorski

Lawton

1973

Endocrinology

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Adrenal Involvement in Determining the Time of Onset of Puberty in the Rat1

Gorski

Lawton

1973

Endocrinology

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“…Such rhythms may also exist during pregnancy (Dupouy and Cohen, 1975 Kitay, 1977) or after the administration of synthetic ACTH (Mayer, 1978 (Parvez et al, 1972 ;Yoshinaga, 1978). In the rat, adrenalectomy of the mother leads to an increase of foetal adrenal weight (Ingle and Fisher, 1938 ;Walaas and Walaas, 1944 ;Angervall, 1962 ;Klepac et al, 1977) and to an augmentation in foetal corticosteroid concentrations (Thoman et al, 1970 ;Cohen and Brault, 1974 ;Klepac et al, 1977 ;Arishima et al, 1977). Conversely, the stimulation of maternal corticosteroid secretion reduces the development of foetal adrenal glands (Milkovic and Domac, 1973 ; and decreases their in vitro steroidogenesis (Klepac et al, 1977).…”

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Influence of photoperiod on the time of parturition in the rat. I. — Effect of the length of daily illumination on normal or adrenalectomized animals

Bosc¹,

Nicolle²

1980

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. Four groups of normal rats have been studied to elucidate the effect on the time of birth of four different light regimes applied throughout pregnancy (day 1 : beginning of pregnancy). The results showed that the time of parturition (onset of expulsion) depended on the light treatment : the longer the duration of the daily illumination, the longer pregnancy lasted. With a 14 hrs light regime, the births occurred during two main periods : 50 p. 100 before 8 p.m. on (Signoret, 1969) rats (Naaktgeboren and Slijper, 1970) and humans (Kaiser and Halberg,1962). In the rat, a specific effect of light on the time of parturition has been suggested in experiments involving shifts of the light/dark cycle (Lincoln and Porter, 1976) or different lengths of daily illumination (Plaut et al., 1970 ;Mitchell and Yochim, 1970 (Boer et al., 1975 ;Cohen, 1976).Attempts to establish if the pineal gland was involved in this effect of light in the rat have been unsuccessful Lincoln and Doyle, 1978) (Krieger, 1974 ;Ixart et al.,1977). Parturition was found to occur invariably during the period when the corticosterone levels were minimal for two different photoperiodic treatments (Lincoln and Porter, 1979). Some studies have also suggested that these adrenal secretions play a role in the initiation of parturition (Yoshinaga, 1978), even if there are controversial interpretations as to the action of the fetal hypophyseal-adrenal axis on the duration of pregnancy in this species (Swaab et al., 1977). Metopirone which inhibits 11! and 18 steroid hydroxylase activity, passes through the placenta (Dupouy, 1972) and leads to a prolongation of gestation (Parvez et al., 1972 (Fuchs, 1969) since the duration of expulsion varies and seems independent of the day of parturition (Boer et al.,1975 figure 3. Under the control light regime (14L-10D) parturition occurred earlier in the adrenalectomized rats (group CA-) than in the corresponding rats (group C ; P < 0.05). Thus, 17.4 (Plaut et ai., 1970 ;Boer et al., 1975 ;Cohen, 1976 ;Lincoln and Porter, 1976)

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“…Although lactation can proceed in the absence of the adrenals, milk production certainly is not optimal [Thoman et al, 1970b]. Suckling directly stimulates the secretion of ACTH and corticosterone [Voogt et ai, 1969], as well as of prolactin and other pituitary hormones involved in lactation [Meites, 1966].…”

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Pituitary-Adrenal Responsiveness during Lactation in Rats

1973

Self Cite

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The pituitary-adrenal system plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of lactation in rats, with the suckling stimulus itself inducing the release of ACTH. The recent finding of a reduced plasma corticosterone response to a variety of noxious stimuli during lactation led us to further investigate the activity of this system in lactating (L) rats, compared with post-parturient non-lactating ontrols (NL). Plasma and adrenal corticosterone and plasma ACTH were measured, the latter with a mouse bioassay. Over a 24 h period (12 L:12 D), basal concentrations of plasma corticosterone were elevated in L females, only at those times when the NL basal concentrations were at the trough in the diurnal cycle. At all times, the plasma corticosterone increase 15 min after ether was significantly lower (by a mean of 55 %) in L rats than in NL rats. The elevations in plasma corticosterone after ether were higher for all rats during the day. The night-day difference in response to ether was greater in L rats than in NL rats. Although morning basal levels were not significantly elevated in L females deprived of their litters for 24 h, in these females, as in continually lactating rats, stress concentrations of plasma ACTH (2–4 min after ether) were one third that of the NL controls. Finally, after dexamethasone treatment, the corticosterone output to exogenous ACTH was lower in the plasma and higher in the adrenal in L rats. Thus, pituitary-adrenal activity is altered in a variety of ways during lactation.

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Influence of Adrenalectomy in Female Rats on Reproductive Processes Including Effects on the Foetus and Offspring

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Adrenal Involvement in Determining the Time of Onset of Puberty in the Rat1

Adrenal Involvement in Determining the Time of Onset of Puberty in the Rat1

Influence of photoperiod on the time of parturition in the rat. I. — Effect of the length of daily illumination on normal or adrenalectomized animals

Pituitary-Adrenal Responsiveness during Lactation in Rats

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