Inflammatory Cytokines as Risk Factors for a First Venous Thrombosis: A Prospective Population-Based Study

Christiansen, Sverre Christian; Næss, Inger Anne; Cannegieter, Suzanne C.; Hammerstrøm, Jens; Rosendaal, Frits R.; Reitsma, Pieter H.

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030334

Cited by 71 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Further, two case-control studies with discrepant results have been reported for noncancer patients. In patients without cancer, Christiansen et al [33] found no correlation between elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-1β and incidence of venous thromboembolic events. Van Aken et al [34] reported that increased IL-8 levels (>90th percentile) were associated with a 1·9-fold increased risk for thrombosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin levels and their potential association with venous thromboembolism and survival in cancer patients

Reitter

Kaider

et al. 2014

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryCytokines have been found to be elevated in cancer patients and have been associated with worse prognosis in single tumour entities. We investigated the association of eight different cytokines with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prognosis in cancer patients. The Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study (CATS), a prospective study, includes patients with newly diagnosed tumour or disease progression. Patients with an overt infection are excluded. Study end-points are VTE, death, loss to follow-up or study completion. Interleukin (IL) serum levels were measured using the xMAP technology developed by Luminex. Among 726 included patients, no associations between IL levels and VTE were found, with the exception of a trend for IL-1β and IL-6 in pancreatic cancer. Elevated levels of IL-6 [as continuous variable per double increase hazard ratio (HR) = 1·07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·027-1·114, P = 0·001, IL-8 (HR = 1·12, 95% CI = 1·062-1·170, P < 0·001) and IL-11 (HR = 1·37, 95% CI = 1·103-1·709, P = 0·005] were associated with worse survival. In subgroup analyses based on tumour type, colon carcinoma patients, who had higher IL-6 levels, showed a shorter survival (HR = 2·405, 95% CI = 1·252-4·618, P = 0·008). A significant association of elevated IL-10 levels with a decrease in survival (HR = 1·824, 95% CI = 1·098-3·031, P = 0·020) was seen among patients with lung cancer. No correlation between VTE and IL levels was found, but higher IL-6, IL-8 and IL-11 levels were associated with worse survival in cancer patients. Further, elevated IL-6 levels might be a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and elevated IL-10 levels in lung cancer patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin levels and their potential association with venous thromboembolism and survival in cancer patients

Reitter

Kaider

et al. 2014

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a previous study of the same subjects as in our investigation we found no associations between venous thrombosis and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor-α, even in a short time perspective. 31 The reason for this might be that single cytokines are less sensitive parameters than CRP for demonstrating subclinical inflammation, or that the level of sensitivity of the methods used to analyze cytokines and CRP differs. We found no statistically significant correlation between CRP and these cytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial cardiovascular risk factors and venous thrombosis: results from a population-based, prospective study (the HUNT 2)

Quist‐Paulsen¹,

Næss²,

Cannegieter³

et al. 2009

Haematologica

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…23 Therefore, it cannot be excluded that the reported relationships between inflammation and VTE are in part the result of VTE rather than the cause.…”

Section: Innate and Acquired Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic View of Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism

Reitsma

Versteeg²,

Middeldorp³

2012

ATVB

173

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Venous thromboembolism is an episodic disease with an annual incidence of 2 to 3/1000 per year that is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism come in many guises. They fit into an extended version of Virchow's triad and they tilt the hemostatic balance toward clot formation. This can be achieved by decreasing blood flow and lowering oxygen tension, by activating the endothelium, by activating innate or acquired immune responses, by activating blood platelets, or by increasing the number of platelets and red blood cells or modifying the concentrations of pro-and anticoagulant proteins in the blood. In this narrative review we will discuss the known common risk factors within this pathophysiological framework. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32:563-568.)Key Words: endothelium Ⅲ platelets Ⅲ pulmonary embolism Ⅲ risk factors Ⅲ Venous thrombosis V enous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common vascular disease after myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. The annual incidence of symptomatic and objectively confirmed VTE, the collective term generally used for deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism or both, is 2 to 3 per thousand inhabitants. 1 The incidence varies strongly with age from 0.1 in adolescence to 8 per 1000 in those above the age of 80 years. 1 The mechanistic framework that helps to understand and group the causes of VTE is an extension of the triad of Virchow, which postulates that thrombosis is caused by changes in (1) blood flow, (2) the state of the vessel wall, and/or (3) the composition of blood. 2 In a more current reductionist's view, stasis and low oxygen tension, activation of the endothelium, activation of innate (involving monocytes and granulocytes) and acquired immunity, activation of blood platelets, the concentration and nature of microparticles (MPs), and the individual concentrations of pro-and anticoagulant proteins all claim a role (see the Figure). In addition, red blood cells are present in venous clots. We will use this reductionist's framework to group and discuss the known common risk factors for VTE that are summarized in Table. Blood Flow, Oxygen Tension, and Endothelial Activation Prolonged stasis in a vein, in particular in deepest parts of the pocket of a venous valve, causes lowered oxygen tension. 3 This oxidative stress will lead to the upregulation of multiple stress-response genes including hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha, P-selectin (CD62), and other adhesion receptors. 4,5 The resulting proinflammatory state of the endothelium supports the local recruitment of monocytes, granulocytes, platelets, and MPs. The recruitment of these actors and their activation may lead to the local exposure of tissue factor (TF), 6 thus initiating the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. When damaged granulocytes start releasing neutrophil extracellular traps, DNA, and RNA, factor XII may become activated thus triggering the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and further facilitating the formation of a thrombus. 7,8 T...

show abstract

Inflammatory Cytokines as Risk Factors for a First Venous Thrombosis: A Prospective Population-Based Study

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Interleukin levels and their potential association with venous thromboembolism and survival in cancer patients

Interleukin levels and their potential association with venous thromboembolism and survival in cancer patients

Arterial cardiovascular risk factors and venous thrombosis: results from a population-based, prospective study (the HUNT 2)

Mechanistic View of Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About