“…IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients ( Huang et al., 2020 ), causing pregnant women with COVID-19 to be more prone to miscarriage and premature rupture of membranes. The secretion of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6 by macrophages in the process of inflammation can lead to abortion, premature rupture of membranes, and preterm labor ( Lee S. Y. et al., 2011 ; Roncari et al., 2013 ; Li et al., 2015 ; Li et al., 2020 ).…”