Inflammation: Mechanisms, Costs, and Natural Variation

Ashley, Noah T.; Weil, Zachary M.; Nelson, Randy J.

doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-040212-092530

Cited by 345 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Moreover, we do not explicitly define tissue-specific cells, such as resident macrophages, mast cells, and connective tissue cells. Our model is based on the notion that key participants (neutrophils and macrophages) and interactions in the local inflammatory process may be sufficiently similar across many, or most, inflammatory situations (3,11,14,16,52,57,77,78). Therefore, although we modeled chronic inflammation in (traumatic) wounds, we expect that our findings may be applicable in other contexts, which is supported by comparisons of our modeling results with experimental studies of noninjury-induced inflammation (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Computational Approach To Characterize Causative Factors and Molecular Indicators of Chronic Wound Inflammation

Nagaraja

Wallqvist

Reifman

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

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Chronic inflammation is rapidly becoming recognized as a key contributor to numerous pathologies. Despite detailed investigations, understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating inflammation is incomplete. Knowledge of such critical regulatory processes and informative indicators of chronic inflammation is necessary for efficacious therapeutic interventions and diagnostic support to clinicians. We used a computational modeling approach to elucidate the critical factors responsible for chronic inflammation and to identify robust molecular indicators of chronic inflammatory conditions. Our kinetic model successfully captured experimentally observed cell and cytokine dynamics for both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Using sensitivity analysis, we identified macrophage influx and efflux rate modulation as the strongest inducing factor of chronic inflammation for a wide range of scenarios. Moreover, our model predicted that, among all major inflammatory mediators, IL-6, TGF-β, and PDGF may generally be considered the most sensitive and robust indicators of chronic inflammation, which is supported by existing, but limited, experimental evidence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Computational Approach To Characterize Causative Factors and Molecular Indicators of Chronic Wound Inflammation

Nagaraja

Wallqvist

Reifman

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

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“…It is a normal protective response to tissue injury caused by physical trauma, noxious chemical or microbial agents. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the body to remove injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue [21] . Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used for the management of inflammatory conditions, but these are associated with many unwanted side effects such as gastric irritation, ulcer etc [22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of total phenolic content, in–vitro antioxidant and anti–inflammatory activity of flowers of Moringa oleifera

Alhakmani

Kumar²,

Khan

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

298

161

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“…This migration is facilitated by changes in the local vasculature that lead to vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and increased blood flow. 24 Vitality of cells depends on the integrity of the cell membranes. RBCs exposure to injurious substances such as hypotonic medium may cause rupture of the membrane accompanied by haemolysis and oxidation of haemoglobin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiling and RBC Membrane Stabilization Activity of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides and Hippophae salicifolia) Seed Oil

Dubey¹,

Ramana²,

Mishra³

2017

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Background: Seabuckthorn (SBT) is one of the most important plants of higher altitude in India and China. SBT seed oil is rich in Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) which is present in a peculiar ratio capable of combating inflammation. Objective: To compare the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid profiling and Red Blood Cell (RBC) membrane stabilization activity between two species of SBT seed oil; Hippophae rhamnoides (HR) and Hippophae salicifolia (HS) collected from Ladakh and Sikkim, India, respectively. Materials and Methods: GC-MS analysis was performed and effect of SBT seed oil was evaluated against heat and hypotonicity induced haemolysis of RBC. Protein denaturation assay was also conducted to check its probable role in chronic inflammation. Results: GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of PUFA viz. Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and Linoleic acid (LA) in SBT seed oil. Both significantly (p<0.05) inhibited heat and hypotonicity induced membrane destabilization in a concentration dependant manner. Maximum percentage inhibition of protein denaturation was observed at 3.6 μg/ml after incubation period of 4 hours. Conclusion: HR and HS have been proved to inhibit membrane destabilization with almost equal efficacy. Their efficacy against heat induced protein denaturation indicates that they may be useful in prevention and/or treatment of chronic inflammation as well. These findings may be attributed to the presence of PUFA. This study has contributed in establishing some preliminary evidence about PUFAs being the mainstay of their anti-inflammatory efficacy. However, in vivo studies are required to further validate the results of this study. cellular concentrations by increased n-6 and decreased n-3 PUFA content of the modern western diet. HR and HS seed oil contains the 18-carbon n-3 fatty acid, ALA, which can be converted after ingestion to the 20-carbon n-3 fatty acid, EPA. EPA is believed to act as a competitive inhibitor of AA conversion to prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4, thereby, decreasing the synthesis of one or both of these eicosanoids. Similar to the effect of n-3 fatty acids, inclusion of the 20-carbon n-9 fatty acid, eicosatrienoic acid 5 and OA 6 in the diet also results in decreased synthesis of LTB4. Treatment of inflammation includes extensive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). However, their use makes the patients more vulnerable to gastrointestinal and liver toxicities.8 Therefore, new anti-inflammatory drugs having alternative mechanisms are being searched as substitutes to NSAIDs. 9 Inflammation is a complicated biological response of vascular tissues to external detrimental stimuli and can either be acute or chronic. At the onset of an inflammatory process, the cells undergo activation and release inflammatory mediators such as histamine and serotonin.10 These mediators collectively cause elevated vasodilatation and permeability of measured and reconstituted as a 40% v/v suspension with isotonic buffer solution (10 mM sodium phosphate buf...

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Inflammation: Mechanisms, Costs, and Natural Variation

Cited by 345 publications

References 93 publications

Computational Approach To Characterize Causative Factors and Molecular Indicators of Chronic Wound Inflammation

Computational Approach To Characterize Causative Factors and Molecular Indicators of Chronic Wound Inflammation

Estimation of total phenolic content, in–vitro antioxidant and anti–inflammatory activity of flowers of Moringa oleifera

Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiling and RBC Membrane Stabilization Activity of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides and Hippophae salicifolia) Seed Oil

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