Inflammation Biomarkers of Advanced Disease in Nongingival Tissues of Chronic Periodontitis Patients

Abstract

Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that affects supporting structures of the teeth. Although the gingival response is largely described, little is known about the immune changes in the alveolar bone and neighboring tissues that could indicate periodontal disease (PD) activity. Then, in this study we identified the ongoing inflammatory changes and novel biomarkers for periodontitis in the tissues directly affected by the destructive disease in PD patients. Samples were collected by osteotomy in 17 control subjects during extraction of third molars and 18 patients with advanced PD, in which alveoloplasty was necessary after extraction of teeth with previous extensive periodontal damage. Patients presented mononuclear cells infiltration in the connective tissue next to the bone and higher fibrosis area, along with increased accumulation of IL-17+ and TRAP+ cells. The levels of TNF-α and MMP-2 mRNA were also elevated compared to controls and a positive and significant correlation was observed between TNF-α and MMP-2 mRNA expression, considering all samples evaluated. In conclusion, nongingival tissues neighboring large periodontal pockets present inflammatory markers that could predict ongoing bone resorption and disease spreading. Therefore, we suggested that the detailed evaluation of these regions could be of great importance to the assessment of disease progression.

Bidirectional relationship between renal function and periodontal disease in older Japanese women

“…This can cause deterioration of CKD, which has been found to have a further negative impact on CKD through changes in serum albumin and C-reactive protein levels (Kalburgi et al 2014, da Costa et al 2015, Etemadifar et al 2015.…”

“…In patients with periodontal disease, the circulating levels of some inflammatory markers may be elevated, which increases the systemic inflammatory burden. This can cause deterioration of CKD, which has been found to have a further negative impact on CKD through changes in serum albumin and C-reactive protein levels (Kalburgi et al 2014, da Costa et al 2015, Etemadifar et al 2015.…”

Long‐term testosterone depletion attenuates inflammatory bone resorption in the ligature‐induced periodontal disease model

“…Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that affects supporting structures of the teeth, initiated by immune response against a group of microorganisms in susceptible hosts . The hallmark characteristic of chronic periodontitis is inflammatory resorption of alveolar bone and the global prevalence of the severe form is high (∼10%) .…”

Relationship between renal function and periodontal disease in community‐dwelling elderly women with different genotypes

“…On the other hand, patients with periodontal disease often have elevated circulating levels of some inflammatory markers, which may contribute to an increased systemic inflammatory burden through changes in serum albumin and C‐reactive protein levels and lead to the progression of CKD (da Costa et al. , Etemadifar et al. ).…”

“…On the other hand, patients with periodontal disease often have elevated circulating levels of some inflammatory markers, which may contribute to an increased systemic inflammatory burden through changes in serum albumin and C-reactive protein levels and lead to the progression of CKD (da Costa et al 2015, Etemadifar et al 2015. A bidirectional relationship mediated by hypertension and duration of DM has been reported between CKD and periodontal disease (Fisher et al 2011, Iwasaki et al 2012).…”