Infiltration of ambient PM2.5 and levels of indoor generated non-ETS PM2.5 in residences of four European cities

Hänninen, Otto; Lebret, Erik; Ilacqua, Vito; Katsouyanni, Klea; Künzli, Nino; Srám, Radim J.; Jantunen, Matti

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.015

Cited by 176 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Eq. (1) is derived from a more complex mass-balance model including parameters taking into account the indooreoutdoor air exchange rate, penetration efficiency, and particle deposition rate (Chen and Zhao, 2011;Hänninen et al, 2004). However, it should be pointed out here that there is no parameter that takes account of the potential loss of semi-volatile compounds from PM due to the shifting of its gas-particle partitioning equilibrium (e.g., resulting from a rise in temperature).…”

Section: Indooreoutdoor Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor airborne particle sources and semi-volatile partitioning effect of outdoor fine PM in offices

Sangiorgi

Ferrero

Ferrini

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Environment

117

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To date, few studies have focused on PM air quality in offices, despite the fact that a lot of people spend\ud many working hours a day in such offices. The aim of the present study is to investigate PM1 and PM2.5\ud in offices in Milan (Northern Italy) and in the air outside those offices. The PM samples were analyzed to\ud determine the entity of certain compounds with possible direct or indirect adverse effects on human\ud health: PAHs, BpA, and water soluble inorganic ions.\ud A good correlation between outdoor and indoor PM mass concentrations emerged (R2 w0.87). The\ud maximum I/O concentration ratiowas 0.92, suggesting that the indoor PM levelwas always lower than the\ud outdoor level. The average infiltration factor, FINF,was 0.55, showing that about a half of the outdoor PMhad\ud come indoors. The indoor-generated particles, Cig, had values ranging from 0 to 4.4 mg m3 (<25% of the\ud indoor PM), showing that PM indoor sources had only made a limited contribution to total indoor PM.\ud The results of the indoor-to-outdoor comparisons for the aforementioned chemical compounds\ud demonstrate that the offices were characterized by the absence of effective indoor sources of particulatebound\ud PAHs and inorganic ions, whereas Cig was around 58% of the indoor concentration for BpA. Our\ud analysis of the FINF data pointed to the presence of a volatilization effect from PM for semi-volatile\ud compounds like ammonium nitrate and 4- or 5-ring PAHs, which affected the measurement of their\ud FINF. We propose the introduction of a new and simple parameter, called volatilization correction, to take\ud account of this effect

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Section: Indooreoutdoor Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have discussed this topic, showing that the indoor and outdoor concentrations can be linearly related in order to roughly separate the contributions made by the two sources. A simple linear equation is offered by many authors (e.g., Hänninen et al, 2004;Ho et al, 2004;Hoek et al, 2008):…”

Section: Indooreoutdoor Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor airborne particle sources and semi-volatile partitioning effect of outdoor fine PM in offices

Sangiorgi

Ferrero

Ferrini

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Environment

117

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“…This was a population representative study on working age people, conducted in 1996-1997. It included measurements of indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 concentrations, and X-ray fluorescence analysis of elemental markers (Hänninen et al, 2004;Jantunen et al, 1998;Rotko et al, 2000). Elemental sulfur was used as a marker of the outdoor originating particles in 84 residences.…”

Section: The Infiltration Of Outdoor Air Indoorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

et al. 2014

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Abstract. A mathematical model is presented for the determination of human exposure to ambient air pollution in an urban area; the model is a refined version of a previously developed mathematical model EXPAND (EXposure model for Particulate matter And Nitrogen oxiDes). The model combines predicted concentrations, information on people's activities and location of the population to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of average exposure of the urban population to ambient air pollution in different microenvironments. The revisions of the modelling system containing the EXPAND model include improvements of the associated urban emission and dispersion modelling system, an improved treatment of the time use of population, and better treatment for the infiltration coefficients from outdoor to indoor air. The revised model version can also be used for estimating intake fractions for various pollutants, source categories and population subgroups. We present numerical results on annual spatial concentration, time activity and population exposures to PM 2.5 in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and Helsinki for 2008 and 2009, respectively. Approximately 60 % of the total exposure occurred at home, 17 % at work, 4 % in traffic and 19 % in other microenvironments in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The population exposure originating from the long-range transported background concentrations was responsible for a major fraction, 86 %, of the total exposure in Helsinki. The largest local contributors were vehicular emissions (12 %) and shipping (2 %).

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“…Bearing this legal background in mind, our goal was to investigate the effect of the Austrian law, especially on the air quality in the non-smoking sections of mixed facilities. Prior studies showed weak but significant positive correlations between PM 2.5 concentrations of adjacent smoking and non-smoking rooms, e.g., in Catalonian hospitals [12], and suggested room segregation would be an insufficient measure to avoid relevant air pollution [13], since penetration rates for small particles like tobacco smoke or diesel soot reach up to 70% [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Borders for Tobacco Smoke in Hospitality Venues in Vienna

Pletz

Neuberger

2011

Atmosphere

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Abstract:In public places many countries banned smoking as the most important indoor source of fine airborne particulate matter. In Austria partial bans have been in force since 2009, with exemptions for the hospitality industry. From February to October 2010 we investigated PM 2.5 concentrations in the breathing area of guests in well frequented Viennese establishments of all sizes, and compared these chance indoor samples with PM 2.5 concentrations measured during the same half hour at the next outdoor monitoring station. The laser particle counter (OPC1.108, Grimm ® ) used for indoor measurements had been calibrated by ß-attenuation (FH 62 I-R, Eberline ® ), which was used outdoors. 48% of 112 venues visited did not fully comply with the law, notwithstanding its weakness. Highest median concentrations (in µg/m³ ) were found in bars (443.7), followed by nightclubs/discotheques (421.1), pubs (147.7), cafes (106.1) and restaurants (23.4). Concentrations increased with number of smokers present (p < 0.01), with medians of 282.4/241,3/67.6/6.9 µg/m³ in smoking venues/smoking rooms/adjacent non-smoking rooms/exclusive non-smoking venues. Only for the latter, a significant correlation was found with outdoor concentrations (r = 0.48, p < 0.01), while concentrations in non-smoking rooms were higher (p < 0.01) and unrelated to outdoor concentrations, but significantly dependent on concentrations in the adjacent smoking room (r = 0.64, p < 0.01). In conclusion, the partial smoking ban failed and guests of Viennese hospitality venues continue to risk disease from passive smoking, even in so-called "non-smoking rooms", which are second-hand smoke rooms. OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2011, 2 172

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Infiltration of ambient PM2.5 and levels of indoor generated non-ETS PM2.5 in residences of four European cities

Cited by 176 publications

References 17 publications

Indoor airborne particle sources and semi-volatile partitioning effect of outdoor fine PM in offices

Indoor airborne particle sources and semi-volatile partitioning effect of outdoor fine PM in offices

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

No Borders for Tobacco Smoke in Hospitality Venues in Vienna

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