2001
DOI: 10.1126/science.1060788
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Abstract: To examine the community-wide effects of introduced biocontrol agents on Kauai Island, Hawaii, we constructed quantitative food webs showing interactions among plants, moths, and moth parasitoids in a native forest. Eighty-three percent of parasitoids reared from native moths were biological control agents, 14% were accidental immigrants, and 3% were native species. Although parasitism by biological control agents reached 28% in some species of moth, all biocontrol agents reared had been released before 1945. … Show more

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Cited by 256 publications
(222 citation statements)
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“…Tampering with the population of one species can cause surprising and dramatic changes in the populations of others (Cohen et al, 1994;Henneman and Memmott, 2001). Altering pressures to which ecosystems are exposed can drive them to alternative states (Beisner et al, 2003) or catastrophic failure (Sinclair and Byrom, 2006).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tampering with the population of one species can cause surprising and dramatic changes in the populations of others (Cohen et al, 1994;Henneman and Memmott, 2001). Altering pressures to which ecosystems are exposed can drive them to alternative states (Beisner et al, 2003) or catastrophic failure (Sinclair and Byrom, 2006).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such structuring has been revealed in a range of systems (Forbes, Powell, Stelinski, Smith, & Feder, 2009; Hood et al., 2015; Smith, Wood, Janzen, Hallwachs, & Hebert, 2007; Smith et al., 2008; Stireman et al., 2006). More broadly, understanding how insect herbivores and parasitoid communities are structured has implications for many aspects of ecosystem management, including biological control of herbivorous pests (Carvalheiro, Buckley, Ventim, Fowler, & Memmott, 2008; Henneman & Memmott, 2001), and predicting the impacts of range expansions associated with anthropogenic introductions and climate change (Nicholls, Fuentes‐Utrilla, et al., 2010; Sax et al., 2007). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The effects of a biological agent on non-target herbivore species depend on its degree of specialization (Henneman and Memmott 2001;Symondson et al 2002;Louda et al 2003). A strictly specialist parasitoid may not affect non-target herbivore species.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A strictly specialist parasitoid may not affect non-target herbivore species. A relative specialist parasitoid that has a narrow host range is expected to have a limited environmental risk, while a generalist is expected to affect non-target hosts (Henneman and Memmott 2001;Symondson et al 2002;Louda et al 2003;van Lenteren et al 2003). The host range of a parasitoid can be viewed physiologically or ecologically (Louda et al 2003;Babendreier et al 2003Babendreier et al , 2005Haye et al 2005).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%