“…Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy is mainly observed in farmed fish, although severe outbreaks were reported in wild fish, mainly groupers (Gomez et al., ; Vendramin et al., ). Furthermore, asymptomatic betanodavirus infection has also been detected in wild fish (Baeck et al., ; Barker et al., ; Ciulli, Galletti, Grodzki, Alessi, Battilani, & Prosperi, ; Gomez, Baeck, Kim, Choresca, & Park, ; Gomez et al., ; Liu et al., ; Panzarin et al., ). The occasional presence of betanodaviruses in invertebrates was detected in the Mediterranean Sea, South Korea and Japan (Ciulli, Grodzki, Bignami, Serratore, & Prosperi, ; Fichi et al., ; Gomez, Baeck, Kim, Choresca, & Park, ; Gomez, Mori, Okinaka, Nakai, & Park, ; Gomez et al., ; Panzarin et al., ).…”