Infection of toe webs by gram-negative bacteria

Amonette, R. A.

doi:10.1001/archderm.107.1.71

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The increased use of antibacterial soaps and cosmetics has caused concern that these compounds may upset the balance between gram-negative and gram-positive populations. Abnormal usage of antibacterials on skin has shown to result in a decline in the gram-positive population and an increase of colonization by gram-negatives (1,19), The medi-cal center group, however, was not found to have a higher frequency of isolation of gramnegatives than laborers, although in axillae the relative proportion of gram-negative to grampositive populations was higher. The Coast Guard personnel, however, had a higher frequency of isolation of gram-negative bacteria from the back, feet, and axillae, and relative roles of antibacterials versus humidity can be debated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environment and the Microbial Ecology of Human Skin

McBride

Duncan

Knox

1977

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Microbial flora of the skin of three human population groups representing different natural environments was examined quantitatively and qualitatively to determine whether environmental differences in temperature and humidity can influence the microbial flora of normal skin. Five anatomical skin sites - hands, back, axillae, groin, and feet - were sampled from 10 subjects working in a high-humidity, high-temperature environment, 10 subjects from a low-temperature, high-humidity environment, and 10 subjects working in a moderate-temperature and low-humidity environment. Bacterial populations were significantly larger from the back, axillae, and feet in individuals from the high-temperature and high-humidity environment as compared to the moderate-temperature, low-humidity environment. High humidity and low temperature had no significant effect on total populations, but this group showed a higher frequency of isolation of fungi, and gram-negative bacteria from the back and feet. Although there was an indication that increase in the environmental humidity could result in an increased frequency of isolation of gram-negative bacteria, there was no evidence that an increase in either temperature or humidity altered the relative proportions of gram-negative bacteria in the predominantly gram-positive microbial flora found on normal skin. It was concluded that, although climatic changes may cause fluctation in microbial populations from certain sites, they are not a major influence on the ecology of the microbial flora of normal skin in the natural environment. The variables introduced by studying individuals in their natural environment and the influence of these on the results are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environment and the Microbial Ecology of Human Skin

McBride

Duncan

Knox

1977

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Foot intertrigo is a spectrum of relatively common and troubling disorders in humid weather or occluded conditions (1). It can be induced by Candida albicans, gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria as well, the latter of which was defined as a distinct disorder of GNTWI by Amonette and Rosenburg in 1973 (2). GNTWI usually begins with erythema, vesiculopustules, erosion, maceration and malodorous exudate that mainly affect the interdigital area of the feet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toe web malodorous maceration with well‐demarcated punch‐out edge

Tan

Zhang

Zhong-sheng

2014

International Wound Journal

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“…In spite of the presence of moisture and occlusion, our patient only colonized his shoe and not the skin. Immersion foot and toe web infections occur with humidity and heat (3,10,11). In these infections, Pseudomonas is frequently the pathogen and may be associated with a green discoloration {3, 10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immersion foot and toe web infections occur with humidity and heat (3,10,11). In these infections, Pseudomonas is frequently the pathogen and may be associated with a green discoloration {3, 10,11). Proteus mirabilis may also be the primary pathogen in toe web infections (11) or paronychia (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Foot

LeFeber

Golitz

1984

Pediatric Dermatology

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa may infect the skin surface, nails, hair follicles, or deeper tissues. We report a 13-year-old male with an asymptomatic green discoloration of the toenails and sole of the right foot. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from the shoe, but not from the discolored skin. We suspect that constant wearing of occlusive, rubber-soled, basketball shoes associated with hyperhidrosis allowed colonization of his shoe with pseudomonas. This case is unique in that colonization resulted in a green color of the foot not associated with infection of the skin.

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Infection of toe webs by gram-negative bacteria

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

The Environment and the Microbial Ecology of Human Skin

The Environment and the Microbial Ecology of Human Skin

Toe web malodorous maceration with well‐demarcated punch‐out edge

Green Foot

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