Infection of dogs in north‐west Spain with a <i>Babesia microti</i>‐like agent

Camacho, Ángel; Guitián, Francisco; Pallas, Estrella Pallas; Gestal, Juan; Olmeda, A. Sonia; Goethert, Heidi K.; Telford, Sam R.

doi:10.1136/vr.149.18.552

Cited by 121 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…B. annae infection has been associated with a severe haemolytic anaemia [3]. The resulting haemoglobinuria could produce a tubulopathy, which will compromise the ability to concentrate urine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On our first report of a series of cases [3], which followed the first case report of the infection by Zahler et al [23], we obtained mean serum values of total protein and albumin which were within commonly accepted normal reference ranges but we did not study the electrophoretic profile associated to the infection. Furthermore, no reference group of noninfected dogs was included for comparison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences derived from the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of ribosomal genes has allowed further subvidision [10] of these taxa. Small Babesia now include two strains of Babesia gibsoni: "Asia" and "California", and a recently identified small Babesia [3,4,23], which is more closely related to Babesia microti than to Babesia gibsoni and has been tentatively referred to as Babesia annae [6]. This newly recognised piroplasm appears to be endemic in NW Spain [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum protein response and renal failure in canine Babesia annae infection

Camacho¹,

Guitian

Pallas

et al. 2005

Vet. Res.

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-Babesia annae piroplasms have recently been recognised as a cause of infection and disease among dogs in Europe. The pathogenesis and clinical implications of this emerging disease remain poorly understood. We conducted this study to describe the electrophoretic profiles associated with the infection and to determine if B. annae associated azotaemia is caused by renal failure. We examined by microscopy 2 979 canine blood samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in NW Spain between September 2001 and April 2002. Small ring-shaped piroplasms were detected in blood smears of 87 samples and the identity of 58 of these presumptive cases were confirmed by PCR. This group of 58 infected dogs and a reference group of 15 healthy non-infected dogs were our study population. For all the dogs, serum protein response to -albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin and gamma globulin-was measured by capillary electrophoresis. The response of infected and non-infected dogs was compared and within infected dogs, the response of those with azotaemia (19) was compared with that of non-azotaemic dogs (39). Infected dogs presented a significant elevation of total proteins and all the different globulin fractions, and significantly lower levels of albumin compared to non-infected dogs. Among infected dogs, those presenting azotaemia had significantly lower concentrations of total proteins, albumin, beta and gamma globulins, and significantly higher values of alpha-2 globulin. Specific gravity was below the threshold of 1 025 for all dogs with azotaemia for which a urine sample was available (7) suggesting that azotaemia, in these dogs was of renal origin. Azotaemic dogs had higher concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides, probably as a result of a liver compensatory response to the loss of proteins. We conclude that serum protein response in B. annae infected dogs corresponds to the pattern of a haemolytic syndrome with intense inflammatory reaction and that the azotaemia associated to the infection is very likely of renal origin. serum proteins / Babesia annae / azotaemia / renal failure

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum protein response and renal failure in canine Babesia annae infection

Camacho¹,

Guitian

Pallas

et al. 2005

Vet. Res.

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“…In 2006, 18S rDNA sequence of a European rodent isolate "Munich" (GenBank accession number AB071177) disclosed marked differences from the parasites reported in either the U.S. or Japan [11] but showed high similarity to isolates from rodents (M. arvalis and M. oeconomus) and ticks (Ixodes ricinus) captured in Poland [26,32]. Furthermore, novel genotypes distinct from those commonly distributed in feral rodents in the Holarctic region have been detected repeatedly in such carnivores as fox [8], skunk [8] and river otter [5] in the U.S., raccoons in Japan and the U.S. [8,15], and dogs in Spain (Theileria annae or B. annae) [6,42]. 18S rDNA analyses of these B. microti-group parasites have suggested a monophyletic nature of the B. microti "species" complex, leading to an increasingly large complex under the name B. microti [8,41].…”

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confidence: 97%

Babesia microti-Group Parasites Compared Phylogenetically by Complete Sequencing of the CCT.ETA. Gene in 36 Isolates

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT. Babesia microti, the erythroparasitic cause of human babesiosis, has long been taken to be a single species because classification by parasite morphology and host spectrum blurred distinctions between the parasites. Phylogenetic analyses of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA) and, more recently, the β-tubulin gene have suggested inter-group heterogeneity. Intra-group relationships, however, remain unknown. This study was conducted to clarify the intra-and inter-group phylogenetic features of the B. microti-group parasites with the η subunit of the chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide l (CCTη) gene as a candidate genetic marker for defining the B. microti group. We prepared complete sequences of the CCTη gene from 36 piroplasms and compared the phylogenetic trees. The B. microti-group parasites clustered in a monophyletic assemblage separate from the Babesia sensu stricto and Theileria genera and subdivided predominantly into 4 clades (U.S., Kobe, Hobetsu, Munich) with highly significant evolutionary distances between the clades. B. rodhaini branched at the base of the B. microti-group parasites. In addition, a unique intron presence/absence matrix not observable in 18S rDNA or β-tubulin set the B. microti group entirely apart from either Babesia sensu stricto or Theileria. These results have strong implications for public health, suggesting that the B. microti-group parasites are a full-fledged genus comprising, for now, four core species, i.e., U.S., Kobe, Hobetsu, and Munich species nova. Furthermore, the CCTη gene is an instructive and definitive genetic marker for analyzing B. microti and related parasites.

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“…The recent knowledge based on genetic analyses of genes from canine piroplasms has shown that there are at least three distinct subtypes or subspecies for small piroplasms: a classic Asian type B. gibsoni; a small organism has been identified recently in northern Spain, which has been given the name Theileria annae; a small organism has been identified in California and remains unnamed [3,15,16,20,21]. Since the P50 gene is cloned from an Asian type B. gibsoni, an experiment is needed to evaluate whether the ELISA with GST-P50t can be used for detecting antibodies to T. annae or unnamed California type small piroplasm in dogs in Europe or North America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serodiagnosis of Babesia gibsoni Infection in Dogs by an Improved Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Recombinant Truncated P50

Verdida

Hara

Xuan

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The surface antigen P50 of Babesia gibsoni is an important candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for canine piroplasmosis. In order to establish an effective diagnostic method for practical use, the gene encoding truncated P50 (P50t) lacking a signal peptide and C-terminal hydrophobic regions were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST). More than 90% portion of the GST-P50t was expressed as a soluble form, in contrast with GST-P50f (full-len gth), which was completely expressed as an insoluble form. This result indicates that removal of the hydrophobic signal peptide and C-terminus had dramatically improved its hydrophilicity. The purified GST-P50t was tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to B. gibsoni in dogs. The ELISA with GST-P50t clearly differentiated between B. gibsoni-infected dog sera and uninfected dog sera. In addition, the ELISA detected no cross-reactivity with sera from dogs experimentally infected with the closely related parasites, B. canis canis, B. canis vogeli, and B. canis rossi. Field serum samples collected from dogs in Japan and China were examined for the diagnosis of B. gibsoni infection by using the ELISA. 14.5% (9/62), 5.8% (7/120), and 5.4% (2/37) of tested samples were positive for dogs from Okinawa, Yamaguchi, and Osaka prefectures, Japan, respectively. On the other hand, 4.8% (2/41) of tested samples were positive for dogs from Nanjing, China. These results suggest that the GST-P50t could be a reliabl e reagent for practical use in ELISA for the serodiagnosis of canine piroplasmosis caused by B. gibsoni.

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Infection of dogs in north‐west Spain with a Babesia microti‐like agent

Cited by 121 publications

References 5 publications

Serum protein response and renal failure in canine Babesia annae infection

Serum protein response and renal failure in canine Babesia annae infection

Babesia microti-Group Parasites Compared Phylogenetically by Complete Sequencing of the CCT.ETA. Gene in 36 Isolates

Serodiagnosis of Babesia gibsoni Infection in Dogs by an Improved Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Recombinant Truncated P50

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