Infected primary knee arthroplasty: Risk factors for surgical treatment failure

2021

Antibiotics

Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), including multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, are gaining importance in the aetiology of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). This retrospective observational study identified independent risk factors (RFs) associated with MDR-GNB PJI and their influence on treatment outcomes. We assessed MDR bacteria causing hip and knee PJIs diagnosed at a Brazilian tertiary hospital from January 2014 to July 2018. RFs associated with MDR-GNB PJI were estimated by bivariate and multivariate analyses using prevalence ratios (PRs) with significance at p < 0.05. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to evaluate treatment outcomes. Overall, 98 PJI patients were analysed, including 56 with MDR-GNB and 42 with other bacteria. Independent RFs associated with MDR-GNB PJI were revision arthroplasty (p = 0.002), postoperative hematoma (p < 0.001), previous orthopaedic infection (p = 0.002) and early infection (p = 0.001). Extensively drug-resistant GNB (p = 0.044) and comorbidities (p = 0.044) were independently associated with MDR-GNB PJI treatment failure. In sum, MDR-GNB PJI was independently associated with previous orthopaedic surgery, postoperative local complications and pre-existing infections and was possibly related to selective pressure on bacterial skin colonisation by antibiotics prescribed for early PJI. Infections due to MDR-GNB and comorbidities were associated with higher treatment failure rates.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes and Risk Factors in Prosthetic Joint Infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Silva¹,

2021

Antibiotics

“…Gram-positive cocci (GPC), such as Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci, are the major PJI-related microorganisms, followed by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), with a prevalence ranging from 5 to 23% [4][5][6]. In some case series, PJIs attributed to GNB have been reported at rates greater than 40% [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-elective and revision arthroplasty are independently associated with hip and knee prosthetic joint infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii: a Brazilian single center observational cohort study of 98 patients

Silva¹,

Araujo²,

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

2021

Background Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) has become a growing concern due to its overwhelming ability to express resistance to antibiotics and produce biofilm. Aim This study aimed to identify independent risk factors (RFs) associated with Ab-associated PJI and their role in the treatment outcome. Methods This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study of PJI patients diagnosed between January 2014 and July 2018. A PJI diagnosis was made based upon the MSIS 2018 criteria. To estimate RFs associated with Ab-associated PJI, multivariate analyses with a level of significance of p < 0.05 were performed. To evaluate treatment failure, Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test were performed. Results Overall, 98 PJI cases were assessed, including 33 with Ab-associated PJI and 65 with PJI involving other microorganisms (non–Ab-associated PJI). Independent RFs associated with Ab-associated PJI were revision arthroplasty [odds ratio (OR) = 3.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–7.90; p = 0.025] and nonelective arthroplasty (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.01–7.01; p = 0.049). Ab-associated PJI was also more likely than non–Ab-associated PJI to be classified as a chronic late infection (OR = 5.81; 95% CI = 2.1–16.07; p = 0.001). Ab-associated PJI was not associated with treatment failure (p = 0.557). Conclusions Late chronic infections, surgical revision and nonelective arthroplasty are well-known predictors of PJI but were also independently associated with Ab-associated PJI. Infections caused by Ab and surgical treatment with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention were not associated with PJI treatment failure. Trial registration Study data supporting our results were registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (https://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6ft5yb/), an open-access virtual platform for the registration of studies on humans performed in Brazil. Registration no.RBR-6ft5yb.

“…In some case series, PJI due to GNB have been reported at rates greater than 40%. [7,8] Acinetobacter is a genus of gram-negative bacteria comprising 31 different species. Due to its ability to spread in healthcare environments, Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) is currently the most di cult species to control and eradicate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-elective and Revision Arthroplasty Are Independently Associated With Hip and Knee Prosthetic Joint Infection Caused by Acinetobacter Baumannii: a Brazilian Single Center Observational Cohort Study of 98 Patients

Silva¹,

Araujo²,

2021

Preprint

Background: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) has become a growing concern due to its overwhelming ability to express resistance to antibiotics and produce biofilm. Aim: This study aimed to identify independent risk factors (RFs) associated with Ab-PJI and its role in the treatment outcome. Methods: Single-center retrospective, cohort study of PJI patients diagnosed between January 2014 and July 2018. PJI diagnosis was based upon MSIS 2018 criterium. To estimate RFs associated with Ab-PJI, multivariate analyses with level of significance of p < 0.05 was performed. To evaluate treatment failure, the Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis and log-rank test was performed.Results: Overall, 98 PJI cases were assessed, including 33 with Ab-PJI and 65 with PJI due to other microorganisms (Non-Ab-PJI). Independent RFs associated with Ab-PJI were revision arthroplasty (odds ratio [OR] = 3.01; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.15–7.90, p = 0.025) and non-elective arthroplasty (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.01–7.01, p = 0.049). Ab-PJI was also more likely to be classified as a chronic late infection (OR = 5.81; 95% CI = 2.1–16.07, p = 0.001) than Non-Ab-PJI. Ab-PJI was not associated with treatment failure (p = 0.557). Conclusions: Late chronic infections, surgical revision, and non-elective arthroplasty are well-known predictors of PJI, but were also independently associated with Ab-PJI. High selective pressure imposed by misuse of antibiotics is likely to have played a role. Infections caused by Ab and surgical treatment with DAIR were not associated with PJI treatment failure. Trial registration: Study data supporting our results were registered at an open access virtual platform for registration of studies on humans performed in Brazil. The Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6ft5yb/Register Number: RBR-6ft5yb