Infant exposure to parabens, triclosan, and triclocarban via breastfeeding and formula supplementing in southern China

Zhang, Duo; Xiao, Jinqiu; Xiao, Qinru; Li, Xiangyu; Zheng, Quanzhi; Ma, Jiaojiao; Xu, Jiayi; Fu, Jinfeng; Shen, Junchun; Xiao, Lehan; Lu, Shaoyou

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159820

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The absence of comprehensive comparative data on contaminant levels and their health implications in breast versus formula milk hinders our ability to fully assess the benefits and risks associated with each feeding option [ 55 , 56 ]. The scientific community, therefore, calls for more well-constructed research to fill this gap and provide mothers with transparent, science-based information about their choices regarding infant nutrition [ 57 ]. This effort is vital for making informed decisions that best support the health and development of the child.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutants in Breast Milk: A Scoping Review of the Most Recent Data in 2024

Serreau,

Terbeche,

Rigourd

2024

Healthcare

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Perinatal exposure to pollutants, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals, poses significant risks to both mothers and children, marking this period as highly vulnerable. Despite the well-acknowledged benefits of breastfeeding, there exists a gap in comprehensive understanding regarding the impact of environmental pollutants on breast milk, underscoring the critical need for this study. Our research addresses this gap by exploring the intersection of environmental health and lactation, situated within the broader ‘One Health’ concept, thus contributing a novel perspective to the existing body of knowledge. This scoping review aims to examine recent research on the persistent presence of organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals in breast milk, thereby elucidating the environmental setting’s impact on milk quality. We seek to highlight the innovative angle of our study by emphasizing the ‘One Health’ concept, which has not been thoroughly explored in the context of lactation and environmental pollutants. We performed a scoping review, consulting two online databases to identify articles published from 1995 to 2023 that reported on pollutants in breast milk, using the PRISMA checklist. This methodological approach underlines the comprehensive and up-to-date nature of our literature review, ensuring the relevance and timeliness of our findings. From a total of 54 relevant articles, findings indicate that POPs are present in higher concentrations in breast milk the longer the lactation period. These findings highlight the persistent and bioaccumulative nature of such contaminants, offering new insights into their long-term implications for maternal and infant health. This exposure does not appear time-sensitive, suggesting pollutants accumulated in maternal fat compartments can be excreted into human milk years after exposure, a novel finding that underscores the importance of considering long-term environmental exposures in lactation research. The presence of POPs and heavy metals in both infant formula and maternal milk underscores a critical need for further comparative studies to understand the health implications better. Our discussion extends the current dialogue on the safety of breastfeeding in polluted environments, providing a new framework for assessing risks and benefits. While breastfeeding remains the WHO-recommended nutrition for optimal infant growth, the findings emphasize the importance of continued risk reduction policies to protect mothers and infants from environmental contaminants in breast milk. Our conclusion calls for an integrated approach, combining public health, environmental science, and clinical practice to develop effective strategies for reducing exposure to environmental pollutants. This multidisciplinary perspective is a significant contribution to the field, paving the way for future research and policy development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutants in Breast Milk: A Scoping Review of the Most Recent Data in 2024

Serreau,

Terbeche,

Rigourd

2024

Healthcare

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“…TCS, previously a commonly used antimicrobial compound, has raised public concerns due to evidence that suggests its link to alteration of host physiology [51], disruption of microbial communities [9,57] and an increase in bacterial resistance [7,[58][59][60]. Moreover, TCS is also linked to induce risk among neonates via breastmilk intake [5,56,61]. The present study was designed to determine the effect of TCS on the gastrointestinal microbiome during pregnancy, as well as impact on the offspring exposed indirectly in utero and directly dosed for part of the lactational period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Developmental Exposure to Triclosan Impacts Fecal Microbial Populations, IgA and Functional Activities of the Rat Microbiome

Lahiani,

Gokulan,

Sutherland

et al. 2024

JoX

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Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antibacterial chemical, is detected in human urine, breast milk, amniotic fluid, and feces; however, little is known about its impact on the intestinal microbiome and host mucosal immunity during pregnancy and early development. Pregnant female rats were orally gavaged with TCS from gestation day (GD) 6 to postpartum (PP) day 28. Offspring were administered TCS from postnatal day (PND) 12 to 28. Studies were conducted to assess changes in the intestinal microbial population (16S-rRNA sequencing) and functional analysis of microbial genes in animals exposed to TCS during pregnancy (GD18), and at PP7, PP28 and PND28. Microbial abundance was compared with the amounts of TCS excreted in feces and IgA levels in feces. The results reveal that TCS decreases the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes with a significant increase in Proteobacteria. At PND28, total Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were higher in females and showed correlation with the levels of TCS and unbound IgA in feces. The significant increase in Proteobacteria in all TCS-treated rats along with the increased abundance in OTUs that belong to pathogenic bacterial communities could serve as a signature of TCS-induced dysbiosis. In conclusion, TCS can perturb the microbiome, the functional activities of the microbiome, and activate mucosal immunity during pregnancy and early development.

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“…10 MeP and EtP were found in all of the milk-based infant formulas, while MeP, EtP, and BeP were detected in 85.6-100% of cereal-based complementary food. 11 The median concentrations of MeP, EtP, PrP, BuP and BeP in sewage sludge from China were 66, 12, 9, 8 and 2 ng g −1 , respectively. 12 The predominant paraben in adult and pregnant women's urine was also MeP, followed by EtP, PrP, BuP and BeP; their median concentrations were 5.78, 0.39, 0.35, 0.01 and 0.02 μg L −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%