Infant Development and Maternal Behavior in Captive Chimpanzees

Horvat, Janice R.; Coe, Christopher L.; Levine, Seymour

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-6287-6_13

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Ventro-ventral contact dropped rapidly, the dramatic decrease between the 3rd and 4th months being similar to that reported by Kingsley (1977) for an infant lowland gorilla. Because the other reports on great ape development (i.e., Fossey, 1979;Horvat et al, in press) did not separate ventro-ventral contact from total contact, no direct comparisons between them and the present study can be made.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Development of infant independence in a captive group of lowland gorillas

Hoff

Nadler

Maple

1981

Developmental Psychobiology

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In March 1976, 3 lowlands gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) were born to primiparous females living with an adult male in a large compound at the field station of the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center of Emory University. Observations of parent and infant behavior began at the birth of the infants, using several methods of data collection. This report focuses on the development of independence in these infants over the 1st 1 1/2 years of life. As expected, measures of mother-infant contact and proximity decreased with age. Several measures suggested that infant independence developed as an interactive process between mothers and infants, with primary responsibility changing over the months of study. Maternal behaviors that served to maintain mother-infant contact were found to decrease with age, with an eventual shift to infant responsibility for contact maintenance. Additionally, the adult male appeared to influence developing independence as reflected in the maternal protectiveness evoked by his behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Development of infant independence in a captive group of lowland gorillas

Hoff

Nadler

Maple

1981

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…This present study of infant socialization and that done previously on infant develop ment in captivity [Horvat et al, 1980] show that under appropriate condi tions these studies are feasible. The captive infant's developmental behavior patterns quantified here were like those described for chimpanzees in their natural habitat [van Lawick-Goodall, 1968, 1971, 1973a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The major behavior categories which comprised the directional types were: grooming, play, touch/reassurance, submission/avoidance, agonistic, sexual, food beg ging, and rejection/distress ( fig. 3) [see Horvat et al, 1980]. The frequency of the total mother-infant social behaviors was relatively stable over the 5 years (see fig.…”

Section: Type O F Mother-infant Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant Socialization and Maternal Influence in Chimpanzees

Horvat¹,

Kraemer²

1981

IJFP

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The first 5 years of infant socialization was studied in two captive groups of chimpanzees. The infant’s frequency of social behaviors increased as it became older, the mother’s decreased, and that between mother and infant was relatively stable. The mother and infant socialized mostly with an age class similar to their own, with grooming and play being predominant, respectively. Their behaviors were more diverse when they socialized with a different age class. Initially, the mother and infant interacted more with females than males, but later more with males. The mother’s associations with juveniles and infants were high as her infant became more socially active with its peers. Most of the input to the mother-infant social relationship was by the mother.

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“…Through observations of these cases, I consider the social cognition underlying chimpanzee behaviors and the evolutionary background of social intelligence or the ability to communicate with others. Various researchers have described chimpanzee deliveries and subsequent mother-infant interactions (Bard 1994;Bloomsmith et al 2003;Davis et al 1981;Horvat and Kraemer 1981;Horvat et al 1980;Nankivell et al 1988;Nicolson 1977;Rogers and Davenport 1970;Struthers et al 1990), but there is still much to learn from these events.…”

Section: Chimpanzee Social Intelligencementioning

confidence: 94%

Communication Between Mother and Infant Chimpanzees and Its Role in the Evolution of Social Intelligence

Hirata

Origins of the Social Mind

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Infant Development and Maternal Behavior in Captive Chimpanzees

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Development of infant independence in a captive group of lowland gorillas

Development of infant independence in a captive group of lowland gorillas

Infant Socialization and Maternal Influence in Chimpanzees

Communication Between Mother and Infant Chimpanzees and Its Role in the Evolution of Social Intelligence

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