Inexpensive and simple tool for quality control of nutraceutical and tonic products with capillary electrophoresis and contactless conductivity detection: Some developments in Vietnam

A compact and high-performance setup of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D)

“…22–29 It has been proven that CE-C 4 D is a universal detection method for charged species and a powerful separation technique with high throughput, 30–32 short analysis time, 33–35 low sample consumption 19,36 and cost-effectiveness. 37–39 C 4 D is basically an electronic circuit, a feature that is beneficial for portable or miniature applications; the micro-CE-C 4 D is a more approachable alternative for routine water quality analysis and on-site analysis. 40,41 Commercial C 4 D set-ups ( e.g.…”

Capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics: Advances and applications in the period March 2021 to March 2023

“…The results of the quantification of the three vitamins in nutraceutical products obtained with the CE-C 4 D method were in good agreement with other analytical techniques typically used for the analysis of vitamins like ultra-HPLC (UHPLC)-MS/MS; however, the sensitivity achieved with the CE method was better (LOD = 0.1 mg/mL) compared to the LC-MS method (LOD = 2.4 mg/mL). Besides, CE was presented as a less expensive and simpler analytical tool for the quality control of nutraceutical products [67]. In another study, the ability of the vitamin production of different bifidobacteria and lactobacilli strains was evaluated by CE in probiotic food products.…”

Pushing the Limits of Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis

“…CE-C 4 D, employing a nondestructive on-column detection technique, electrophoretically separates ionic species by applying high voltage along a narrow separation capillary, detecting them based on their conductivity difference from the background electrolyte (BGE) . While several articles elucidate the fundamental principles of C 4 D − , and numerous reviews highlight the applications of CE-C 4 D primarily in pharmaceutical, clinical, food, and environmental analyses, − CE-C 4 D offers several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, nanoliter injection volume, short analysis time, good separation efficiency, suitability for miniaturization, and portability. Commercial C 4 D products, such as eDAQ, TraceDec and Admet, have been integrated into a couple of CE apparatuses, while some specially designed compact CE-C 4 D devices accommodate the self-built circuitry of C 4 D in their detection cells. − Various ways for improving the performance of CE-C 4 D have been proposed, typical examples include high voltage excitation, , rectifier, − the root-mean-square of an AC signal to DC signal (RMS-to-DC) conversion, , lock-in, , differential, − high resolution analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), ,, resonance, ,, and capacitance to digital conversion (CDC) based detections. ,− These initiatives are effective, while for common inorganic ions, the typical limits of detection (LODs) are currently range from 0.3 to 1 μM without preconcentration. ,,− For analyzing trace analytes (e.g., 1 ppb or 20 nM level), this sensitivity is not enough.…”