Induction of resistance againstBrevicoryne brassicaebyPseudomonas putidaand salicylic acid in canola

Abstract

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem: Aphididae), is one of the most serious pests of canola worldwide. In this research, the effects of Pseudomonas putida, salicylic acid (SA), and integrated application of both inducers were studied on the resistance of canola to B. brassicae. In free-choice situation, the number of B. brassicae attracted on canola plants under treatments containing P. putida and SA was significantly lower compared to control plants. In the life table study, pre-adult survival, longevity, reproductive period, and fecundity of this aphid were lowest on plants treated with P. putida + SA. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of population increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) of B. brassicae decreased significantly in the following order: control (47.19 offspring, 0.293 and 1.340 day−1), P. putida (16.7 offspring, 0.238 and 1.269 day−1), SA (6.37 offspring, 0.163 and 1.178 day−1), and P. putida + SA (3.24 offspring, 0.112 and 1.119 day−1). Moreover, the beneficial effect of the integrated application of P. putida and SA on plant growth parameters was significantly evident in our study. The highest values of glucosinolates, total phenol, and flavonoids were recorded in P. putida + SA treatment. We concluded that canola plants treated with P. putida + SA are more resistant to the cabbage aphid. These findings demonstrated that SA integrated with P. putida on canola plants act effectively for reducing the population of B. brassicae and can be used in integrated management programs of this pest.

Studies on Inducer Mediated Resistance Responses against Biological Fitness of Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Brassica napus

“…Additively, less number of immature became adults with the least percent survival. The similar responses have been portrayed by Nouri-Ganbalani et al (2018) and Khoshfarman-Borji et al (2020),who have described that aphid offspring become less viable after feeding on plants under IR treatments (Khoshfarman-Borji et al 2020) showed the effectiveness of SA and humic acid induced-resistance implicating different biological fitness attributes of B. brassicae aphids on B. napus with similar results.…”

“…Inducer mediated resistance responses against insect pests have been shown as an alternative tool to synthetic insecticides (Nouri-Ganbalani et al 2018;Serteyn et al 2020). In the current study, inducer mediated plant resistance, centered on induced-resistance, nutrientdeterrence, and sulphur-integration, has shown its tremendous potential to mitigate aphid pest as a nontoxic substitute (Teixeira et al 2017;Agathokleous et al 2019;Khoshfarman-Borji et al 2020). For the first time, citric acid, ammonium sulphate, bio-sulphur, and compost have been recorded for their anti-insect potential.…”

“…Insect developmental and reproduction time may be retarded due to the effect of defense genes (PR and PIN) and metabolites that are shown to be elicited in plants by IR treatments (Studham and MacIntosh 2013;Ma et al 2020;Irigoyen et al 2020). These metabolites are usually glucosinolates, phenolics, and some other flavonoids (Studham and MacIntosh 2013;Khoshfarman-Borji et al 2020).…”

“…These may reduce not only the insect attack but also improve the growth, yield, and vigor of the crop (Li et al 2020;Rizzo et al 2020). In induced-resistance (IR), plant bio-activators like salicylic, humic and jasmonic acids are working against insects and other stresses (Chen et al 2020;Khoshfarman-Borji et al 2020;Naseem et al 2020). Likewise, in nutrient-deterrence (ND), nutrients that can impact insect fitness and biology, are being utilized (Teixeira et al 2017;Agathokleous et al 2019;Boer et al 2019).…”

“…Although salicylic acid (SA) has been explored recently against the biological fitness of this pest on B. napus (Khoshfarman-Borji et al 2020), however, there is no available information on inducer mediated responses of citric acid, ammonium sulphate and sulphur (bio/elemental formulations) against this pest. Moreover, in this study, citric acid and bio-sulphur are being used for the first time against any crop pest.…”