Induction of Defense Mechanisms in Tomato Plants by Saprobic Fungi Filtrates Against Early Blight Disease

Abstract

Tomato plants can be attacked by several diseases. The early blight disease causes large losses to tomato growers and requires many applications of fungicide for its control. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of saprobic fungi filtrates on the control of early blight (Alternaria solani) in tomato plants. The treatments consisted of fungi filtrates (Stachylidium bicolor - SBI; Periconia hispidula - PHI; Brachysporiella pulchra - BPU; Myrothecium leucotrichum - MLE; and Pycnoporus sanguineus - PSA) diluted at 20%, a control (water), and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). Tomato plants with five leaves were treated with the filtrates, and A. solani was inoculated after three days. The variables analyzed were: area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and specific activity of the enzymes: catalase, lipoxygenase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. The SBI filtrate decreased the AUDPC in 80% for the third leaf and 96% for the fourth leaf. Catalase activity increased due to the application of BPU and PHI filtrates, at 96 hours post-inoculation (hpi). Lipoxygenase activity increased in 130%, 72%, 130%, and 81% at 24 hpi when applying the SBI, PHI, MLE, and ASM filtrates, respectively. The application of SBI, BPU, MLE, and PSA filtrates increased lipoxygenase activity in 30%, 26%, 12%, and 22%, respectively, at 120 hpi. Peroxidase activity increased 74% at 120 hpi, when applying the SBI filtrate. Polyphenol oxidase activity was not affected by the treatments. S. bicolor filtrate is efficient to control the severity of the early blight disease in tomato plants.

Proteins of Pycnoporus sanguineus have nematicide activity and induce resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in Micro-Tom tomato plants

“…P. sanguineus extract was already used to control Pseudocercospora griseola (Viecelli et al 2010) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Toillier et al 2010) in bean, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Assi et al 2017) and Alternaria solani (Alencar et al 2020) in tomato. Our research group showed the effectiveness of crude extract of P. sanguineus basidiocarps to control M. javanica in tomato (Barbosa et al 2021), but without the characterization of potential bioactive compounds.…”

Endophytic Fungi: Biological Control and Induced Resistance to Phytopathogens and Abiotic Stresses

“…Given the above, an overview of the scientific work carried out with endophytic fungi to induce resistance can be seen in Table 2. [190] Neotyphodium lolii Lolium perenne Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium avenaceum [191] Fusarium solani sensu lato S. lycopersicum Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Septoria lycopersici [192] Trichoderma harzianum S. lycopersicum Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans, Botrytis cinerea [193,194] T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. strigosum and T. longibrachiatum Cucumis sativus Colletotrichum lagenarium [195] T. virens S.lycopersicum Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.…”

Resistance Elicitors on Production and Post-Production Performance of Potted Lisianthus

“…Resistance induction uses biotic and abiotic inducers as an alternative control method, in order to activate the defense mechanisms of plants (ALENCAR et al, 2020). The use of plant resistance inducers has been reported in tropical flowers to reduce the incidence of diseases that compromise quality (GURGEL et al, 2018), reducing the useful life.…”