Induction of chromosome aberrations in vitro by phenolphthalein: mechanistic studies

l-Carnitine protects mammalian cells from chromosome aberrations but not from inhibition of cell proliferation induced by hydrogen peroxide

“…From each treatment and from each experiment 100 well-spread metaphases bearing 22 ± 2 chromosomes were scored on blindly coded slides for the detection of chromosome aberrations (chromosome breaks, chromatid breaks and fragments). Gaps were recorded but not included either in the calculation of aberration frequency or in the percent of aberrant cells [32,33].…”

“…Formation of ROS in CHO cells was measured using dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA, Calbiochem, Germany) as previously reported [33,36]. Briefly, cells were pre-loaded with 10 M DCFH-DA in the culture medium for 30 min, washed with PBS and treated with H 2 O 2 in the presence or in the absence of l-carnitine as described above.…”

Genotoxicity of naturally occurring indole compounds: correlation between covalent DNA binding and other genotoxicity tests

“…The analyses for Abs and inhibition of DNA synthesis in CHO cells (Experiment 1) were performed as previously described Armstrong et al, 2000]. Three sets of cultures (2-3 ϫ 10 6 cells) were incubated with test compounds, solvent vehicle, and positive test articles with or without S9 for 3 hr.…”

Interphase cytogenetics in estimation of genomic mutations in somatic cells

“…The presence of centromeric signals indicates lagging of these chromosomes at anaphase and measured the hypoploidy level in the tissue examined [15]. Likewise, the level of chromosome loss is estimated by analysis of kinetochore-containing MN, which are revealed by immunocytochemical methods [16,17]. However, micronucleus assay as such cannot detect AE caused by chromosome nondisjunction, because in that case MN do not appear at all.…”

“…This effect was shown for the MN induction in mouse bone marrow by carbendazim, Note: BC, binuclear cells with blocked cytokinesis; CL, cultured human lymphocytes; NL, noncultured human lymphocytes; MN, micronuclei; kinetochore +/-MN, micronuclei carrying (+) and lacking (-) kinetochore; cen + MN, centromere-positive micronuclei. The methods of aneugenic effect detection: FISH with centromeric probes on chromosomes presented in column 3 [7,14,15,38,50,54,58,71,72]; metaphase analysis [39,68,72,74]; immunocytochemical kinetochore staining [17,69,70]; fluorescent spindle staining [73].…”