Induced Size Effect

Field‐wide Quantification of Aniseikonia Using Dichoptic Localization

“…The minimization of binocular stimuli does not seem to have prevented this rescaling from occurring; therefore, it is possible that disparity cues from a single location in the visual field can be used to apply a field-wide rescaling of monocular spatial localizations. 36,38 The mean precision and accuracy of individual participants did not covary across locations and were also independent from each other at the group level (i.e., a participant with any level of precision could have any level of accuracy), thus suggesting two independent physiological mechanisms may have contributed to each measure. The presence of bias may not be a concern during clinical testing because a participant's dichoptic localization would be measured in their "natural state," in which any sensory adaptation would presumably be present before, during, and after clinical examination.…”

Field‐wide Quantification of Aniseikonia Using Dichoptic Localization

“…The minimization of binocular stimuli does not seem to have prevented this rescaling from occurring; therefore, it is possible that disparity cues from a single location in the visual field can be used to apply a field-wide rescaling of monocular spatial localizations. 36,38 The mean precision and accuracy of individual participants did not covary across locations and were also independent from each other at the group level (i.e., a participant with any level of precision could have any level of accuracy), thus suggesting two independent physiological mechanisms may have contributed to each measure. The presence of bias may not be a concern during clinical testing because a participant's dichoptic localization would be measured in their "natural state," in which any sensory adaptation would presumably be present before, during, and after clinical examination.…”

Mathematical Biophysics of the Central Nervous System

“…Now so far as the horopter is concerned there is no reason to suppose that any shift of the subjective space should occur when the cylindrical size-lens is placed with axis 180°i nstead of 90°. Nevertheless, it turns out that there is a shift, of approximately the same amount but in the opposite direction (Ogle, 1940). But none of the cues so far mentioned can account for this, so another one must be at work.…”

“…The subject is asked to adjust the plane until it is parallel to his own frontal plane. Best results are obtained when the fusion-contours are "restricted to relatively small areas above or below the center of the plane" (Ogle, 1940). It is found that the rotation is approximately proportional to the magnification-increment when this is not too great, but that the effect breaks down when the magnification exceeds a certain critical amount.…”

What's special about horizontal disparity

“…Theoretically, this is a matter of compensating horizontal disparities for viewing geometry, most notably in the perception of surface slant and the extraction of distance information ( Backus et al, 1999 ; Banks & Backus, 1998 ; Banks, Hooge, & Backus, 2001 ; Bishop, 1989 ; Brenner, Smeets, & Landy, 2001 ; Gårding, Porrill, Mayhew, & Frisby, 1995 ; Gillam & Lawergren, 1983 ; Longuet-Higgins, 1982 ; Mayhew, 1982 ; Mayhew & Longuet-Higgins, 1982 ). Vertical disparity by itself can produce the perception of stereoscopic depth ( Matthews, Meng, Xu, & Qian, 2003 ; Ogle, 1938 ; Westheimer & Pettet, 1992 ), but only under restricted conditions; in general, it does not ( Ogle, 1964 ). The exceptions are mediated by stimuli or detectors that are functionally one dimensional and able to convey oblique disparities.…”

Field‐wide Quantification of Aniseikonia Using Dichoptic Localization

“…The minimization of binocular stimuli does not seem to have prevented this rescaling from occurring; therefore, it is possible that disparity cues from a single location in the visual field can be used to apply a field-wide rescaling of monocular spatial localizations. 36,38 The mean precision and accuracy of individual participants did not covary across locations and were also independent from each other at the group level (i.e., a participant with any level of precision could have any level of accuracy), thus suggesting two independent physiological mechanisms may have contributed to each measure. The presence of bias may not be a concern during clinical testing because a participant's dichoptic localization would be measured in their "natural state," in which any sensory adaptation would presumably be present before, during, and after clinical examination.…”

Mathematical Biophysics of the Central Nervous System

“…Now so far as the horopter is concerned there is no reason to suppose that any shift of the subjective space should occur when the cylindrical size-lens is placed with axis 180°i nstead of 90°. Nevertheless, it turns out that there is a shift, of approximately the same amount but in the opposite direction (Ogle, 1940). But none of the cues so far mentioned can account for this, so another one must be at work.…”

“…The subject is asked to adjust the plane until it is parallel to his own frontal plane. Best results are obtained when the fusion-contours are "restricted to relatively small areas above or below the center of the plane" (Ogle, 1940). It is found that the rotation is approximately proportional to the magnification-increment when this is not too great, but that the effect breaks down when the magnification exceeds a certain critical amount.…”

What's special about horizontal disparity

“…Theoretically, this is a matter of compensating horizontal disparities for viewing geometry, most notably in the perception of surface slant and the extraction of distance information ( Backus et al, 1999 ; Banks & Backus, 1998 ; Banks, Hooge, & Backus, 2001 ; Bishop, 1989 ; Brenner, Smeets, & Landy, 2001 ; Gårding, Porrill, Mayhew, & Frisby, 1995 ; Gillam & Lawergren, 1983 ; Longuet-Higgins, 1982 ; Mayhew, 1982 ; Mayhew & Longuet-Higgins, 1982 ). Vertical disparity by itself can produce the perception of stereoscopic depth ( Matthews, Meng, Xu, & Qian, 2003 ; Ogle, 1938 ; Westheimer & Pettet, 1992 ), but only under restricted conditions; in general, it does not ( Ogle, 1964 ). The exceptions are mediated by stimuli or detectors that are functionally one dimensional and able to convey oblique disparities.…”

Field‐wide Quantification of Aniseikonia Using Dichoptic Localization

“…The minimization of binocular stimuli does not seem to have prevented this rescaling from occurring; therefore, it is possible that disparity cues from a single location in the visual field can be used to apply a field-wide rescaling of monocular spatial localizations. 36,38 The mean precision and accuracy of individual participants did not covary across locations and were also independent from each other at the group level (i.e., a participant with any level of precision could have any level of accuracy), thus suggesting two independent physiological mechanisms may have contributed to each measure. The presence of bias may not be a concern during clinical testing because a participant's dichoptic localization would be measured in their "natural state," in which any sensory adaptation would presumably be present before, during, and after clinical examination.…”

Mathematical Biophysics of the Central Nervous System

“…Now so far as the horopter is concerned there is no reason to suppose that any shift of the subjective space should occur when the cylindrical size-lens is placed with axis 180°i nstead of 90°. Nevertheless, it turns out that there is a shift, of approximately the same amount but in the opposite direction (Ogle, 1940). But none of the cues so far mentioned can account for this, so another one must be at work.…”

“…The subject is asked to adjust the plane until it is parallel to his own frontal plane. Best results are obtained when the fusion-contours are "restricted to relatively small areas above or below the center of the plane" (Ogle, 1940). It is found that the rotation is approximately proportional to the magnification-increment when this is not too great, but that the effect breaks down when the magnification exceeds a certain critical amount.…”

What's special about horizontal disparity

“…Theoretically, this is a matter of compensating horizontal disparities for viewing geometry, most notably in the perception of surface slant and the extraction of distance information ( Backus et al, 1999 ; Banks & Backus, 1998 ; Banks, Hooge, & Backus, 2001 ; Bishop, 1989 ; Brenner, Smeets, & Landy, 2001 ; Gårding, Porrill, Mayhew, & Frisby, 1995 ; Gillam & Lawergren, 1983 ; Longuet-Higgins, 1982 ; Mayhew, 1982 ; Mayhew & Longuet-Higgins, 1982 ). Vertical disparity by itself can produce the perception of stereoscopic depth ( Matthews, Meng, Xu, & Qian, 2003 ; Ogle, 1938 ; Westheimer & Pettet, 1992 ), but only under restricted conditions; in general, it does not ( Ogle, 1964 ). The exceptions are mediated by stimuli or detectors that are functionally one dimensional and able to convey oblique disparities.…”