Induced aerocystitis and hemato-immunological parameters in Nile tilapia fed supplemented diet with essential oil of <i>Lippia alba</i>

Abstract

This study evaluated the dietary supplementation with essential oil of Lippia alba on the hemato-immunological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) submitted to acute inflammation induced by carrageenin injection in the swim bladder. For a period of 45 days, 96 fish were divided into four treatments in triplicate, as follows: (a) fish fed supplemented diet with essential oil of L. alba (4 mL kg -1 dry ration) injected with carrageenin; (b) fish fed supplemented diet with cereal alcohol injected with carrageenin; (c) fish fed unsupplemented diet with essential oil injected with carrageenin; (d) fish fed unsupplemented diet and noninjected. Cortisol levels, erythrogram, leukogram and the inflammatory infiltrate were analyzed 6 hours after an inflammatory stimulus. Carrageenin-injected fish showed an acute inflammatory reaction in the swim bladder characterized by higher infiltrate of neutrophils and monocytes. The circulating neutrophils number was significantly higher in fish fed L. alba when compared to other treatments. No difference in cortisol levels was found. For the dose, time and administration form tested, supplementation with essential oil of L. alba did not present anti-inflammatory activity. On the other hand, an influence of dietary supplementation was observed on the neutrophils number after induced aerocystitis highlighting its immunomodulatory characteristic. Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus. Stress. Phytotherapics. Hematology. Acute inflammation. ResumoEste estudo avaliou a suplementação dietária com óleo essencial de Lippia alba sobre os parâmetros hematoimunológicos em tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) submetidas à inflamação aguda induzida por carragenina na bexiga natatória. Pelo período de 45 dias, 96 peixes foram divididos em quatro tratamentos em triplicata: (a) peixes suplementados com óleo essencial de L. alba (4 mL kg -1 de ração seca) injetados com carragenina; (b) peixes suplementados com álcool de cereais injetados com carragenina; (c) peixes não suplementados com óleo essencial injetados com carragenina; (d) peixes não suplementados e não injetados. Os níveis de cortisol, o eritrograma, o leucograma e o infiltrado inflamatório foram analisados seis horas após o estímulo inflamatório. Peixes injetados com carragenina apresentaram reação inflamatória aguda na bexiga natatória caracterizada pela maior concentração de infiltrado de neutrófilos e monócitos. O número de neutrófilos circulantes foi significativamente maior nos peixes suplementados com L. alba, numa comparação com os outros tratamentos. Não houve diferença nos níveis de cortisol. Para a dose, o tempo e a forma de administração testada, a suplementação com óleo essencial de L. alba não apresentou atividade anti-inflamatória. Por outro lado, foi constatada influência da suplementação dietária no número de neutrófilos após a aerocistite, enfatizando a sua característica imunomoduladora. Palavras-chave: Oreochromis niloticus. Estresse. Fitoterápicos. Hematologia. Inflamação aguda.

Acute-phase proteins during inflammatory reaction by bacterial infection: Fish-model

“…For decades, classical experimental models with mammals have been used to study the evolution of inflammatory response in either acute or chronic phase. The aerocystitis model, which mimics the pleurisy technique in rodents, proved to be extremely effective for the study of acute inflammation in teleostean fish 10 – 13 . The swim bladder is a delimited cavity organ with terminal circulation and allows easy access for the inoculation of phlogogens and the collection of exudates for the evaluation of cellular components and fluids accumulated in the inflammatory focus 10 – 13 .…”

Inflammatory response in swim bladder caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1816) supplemented with an autochthonous probiotic ( Bacillus cereus )

“…Neutrophils have the capacity to migrate to local injuries and potentialize antimicrobial activities (Reite, 2006). These results highlighted the relevance of neutrophils for the innate defence system against pathogens, as well as in the inflammatory process (Ranzani-Paiva et al, 2013;Rodrigues et al, 2018).…”

Essential oils biological activity of the Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) shrub

“…Chemotype I has more reports on the biological effect; however, it must be considered that the cell and molecular characteristics of each microorganism or organism also interfere with the EO spectrum, given that on Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus zeamais parasites, chemotype III was more effective than chemotype I (Peixoton et al, 2015a), but on Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus, chemotype I was more effective (Mesa-Arango, et al, 2009). Additionally, chemotype I had anesthetic effect on Hypsiboas geographicus (Salbego et al, 2017a), but not on Neohelice granulata (Souza et al, 2018), and chemotype III was anti-inflammatory in the RAW 264.7 murine cell line (Sepúlveda-Arias et al, 2013), but this effect was not registered on Oreochromis niloticus (Rodrigues- Soares et al, 2018).…”