“…Germany was the pioneer in integrating GCE in the undergraduate curriculum (Wissinger et al, 2020;Zuin et al, 2021) and eventually in the high school curriculum (Linkwitz & Eilks, 2020). However, the trend is rarely observed in some developing countries like Nigeria and Indonesia (Auliah & Mulyadi, 2018;Owoyemi & Adesina, 2020) due to the relatively inadequate content knowledge and awareness on GCE among Science teachers (Kitchens et al, 2006;Cann & Dickneider, 2004;Auliah & Mulyadi, 2018), inevitable consequences of the crowded curriculum where contact time is reduced as well as limited instructional materials to support content understanding (Haack, 2016) and poor contextualization of Science topics (Tabotabo-Picardal & Paño, 2018;Nersesian et al, 2019).…”