Indonesia Recent Research of Bioethanol for Internal Combustion Engine

The massive dependence on fossil fuels to produce ethanol has damaged the environment. This compels the quest for other alternatives using lignocellulosic materials (2 nd generation bioethanol) so as not to compete and disturb food security purposes. The promising biomass to be valorized is corn cob because of its high productivity and short harvest period. Coupled with the fact that simulation studies of its fermentation with Zymomonas mobilis to produce bioethanol are still lacking, a corn cob sustainable valorization to fuel-grade bioethanol is hence disclosed. Superpro Designer 8.5 ® was employed for simulation. Corn cob undergoes pretreatment, 2-h hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose, delignification, 48-h glucose and xylose anaerobic fermentation, cells removal, vaporation, and distillation. Bioethanol is produced at 10.85%-wt from direct fermentation. Subsequently, the 1 st distillation (13 actual stages number) upgrades its concentration to 92.34%-wt. The second one (23 actual stages number) rectifies up to 99.96% and the product finally meets the criteria of fuel grade. Afterward, the calculated yield is 0.35 g/g corn cob or 44.30% based on glucose and xylose. Several by-products are also produced and to comply with the concept of sustainability, water is returned to the river, lignin and extractives are utilized for phenolic producers, wet CO2 gas is proposed for microalgae inorganic carbon sources, and stillage is returned to nature as liquid fertilizer.

Section: Downstream Processing Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of Corn Cob Sustainable Valorization to Fuel-Grade Bioethanol: A Simulation Study Using Superpro Designer®

Steven,

Neng Tresna Umi Culsum,

Intan Clarissa Sophiana

et al. 2023

“…In line of this, Government of the Republic of Indonesia has issued a Presidential Regulation to accelerate vehicle electrification for minimise pollution 40) . Furthermore, the scarcity of fossil fuels and the growing demand for them drive the development of renewable energy resources such as bioethanol and ethanol, which are used as an alternative fuel in motorised vehicles 41,42,43) . However, with biofuels, ICEs research is still required and will continue for greener mobility 19,44,45) .…”

Section: Internal Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Internal Combustion Engine on Energy Supplyand its Emission Reduction via Sustainable Fuel Source

Gheidan¹,

Wahid²,

Chukwunonso³

et al. 2022

The study intends to assess long-term mitigation strategies for reducing CO2 emissions from internal combustion. The research makes use of well-known academic literature with relevant information, covers arguments, comprehension, findings, conclusions, and suggestions from literature. Concepts of combustion, internal combustion engines (ICEs), benefits of internal combustion, CO2 emission, consequences of CO2 emission on the environment, and CO2 emission mitigating measures were taken into consideration for the evidence gathered in this study. The established, reviewed literature served as the basis, pointing petroleum as the primary source of energy for both industrial and home uses is the ICEs. However, it is also account for greenhouse gas emissions like CO2 and others, which have a direct impact on the world climate, thus strongly urges the advancement of environmental sustainability through the dissemination of fresh scientific findings that will aid in reducing CO2 and other greenhouse gases. The use of electric vehicles and biofuel applications were discussed as alternative to the fossil products. The research finding revealed that the use of internal engine a gasoline (GE) car produces 167g of CO2 gas per kilometer, a diesel vehicle (DE) emits 134g, a hybrid (HEV) emits 145g and an electric vehicle (BEV) emits 114g, according to the life cycle assessment. The use of Coconut B5, B15 fuel gives CO2 raise of 2.54 % B20%,4.64 B100%. While when of Camelina fuel lower 13.8 % of B100 than B20%, thus revealed that biofuel can increase or decrease in emission generation. However, biofuel is considered as an alternative energy source that is currently being researched and applied as fuel in motorized vehicles.

“…Moreover, it is evident that the energy sources in question are experiencing a steady depletion inside the nation, as indicated by the drop in oil production by a significant amount of 706 thousand barrels per day. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt renewable energy resources as a feasible option 1,2,3,4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Engine Performance and Exhaust Gas Emissions under Load Variations using Biodiesel Fuel from Waste Cooking Oil and B30 Blend

Erwan Adi Saputro,

Saputro,

Bayu Wisnu Saputro

2023

The increasing focus on alternative fuels, especially in internal combustion engines, responds to the growing interest in reducing reliance on fossil fuels and meeting domestic fuel demands. Crude palm oil (CPO) emerges as a viable vegetable oil alternative for diesel engines. This review delves into experimental tests involving biodiesel from waste cooking oil to assess its impact on engine performance and exhaust emissions. The study utilizes waste cooking oil biodiesel and B30 as a reference fuel. Experimental procedures involve testing biodiesel performance characteristics such as brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and brake torque (BT). The tests are conducted on a diesel engine coupled with a generator loaded with an incandescent lamp. Different load conditions ranging from 0.5 kW to 4.5 kW are employed. Results indicate that waste cooking oil biodiesel leads to lower BP, BT, and BTE by 1.68%, 1.7%, and 21%, respectively. Moreover, waste cooking oil biodiesel exhibits a 36% higher BSFC compared to B30. Notably, HC emissions and smoke opacity are reduced by 14.4% and 73%, respectively, with the use of waste cooking oil biodiesel. The lower calorific value, viscosity, and higher density of waste cooking oil biodiesel compared to B30 impact fuel combustion processes, influencing air-fuel mixture and combustion efficiency.