Individual predisposition and the intricate interplay between systemic biomarkers and periodontal risk in a general population

Abstract

Background Increasing age is associated with systemic diseases as well as with periodontal diseases. We wondered whether a biological age score constructed exclusively from systemic biomarkers would reflect periodontal risk factors at baseline and tooth loss as well as periodontal outcome during 10 years follow‐up. Methods From the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) 2256 participants (1072 male, 1184 female) were studied for the relationship of the systemic biomarkers glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), fibrinogen, white blood cell count, blood pressure, and waist circumference to their age. Construction of a biological age (BA) score allowed its comparison with the participants’ actual chronological age (CA) and their predisposition to periodontal disease. Results Though nearly identical in CA, participants appearing younger than their true age had a significantly reduced burden of periodontal risk factors. If BA > CA, then risk factors were more frequent including smoking, oral hygiene, dental visits, education, and income. After 10 years, in participants with identical CA, tooth loss followed their BA calculated at baseline, that is, with BA > CA fewer teeth were preserved. Similarly, periodontal measures varied according to BA; sex differences were obvious. Most significant were BA‐related differences in inflammatory and anthropometry parameters. Conclusions The results support the assumption that risk profiles aggregated in BA constitute a characteristic susceptibility pattern unique to each individual, common to both systemic and periodontal diseases. Although BA was constructed exclusively from systemic measures at baseline, BA reflects the oral conditions at follow‐up.

Patients with periodontitis and erectile dysfunction suffer a greater incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events: A prospective study in a Spanish population

“…Chou et al., reported results in Taiwanese adult population, treated for periodontitis, with a slight but significant risk association between treated severe periodontitis and MACEs in patients older than 60 years and not in patients younger than this age, 38 these authors, however, they included two events, malignant dysrhythmia and thrombolysis, which we did not include in our study. Other studies have recently described that the heterogeneity often found in the periodontitis and systemic diseases association might be explained by a combination of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors that constitute a biological age, that may be different to the most used chronological one in each patient 39 …”

“…Other studies have recently described that the heterogeneity often found in the periodontitis and systemic diseases association might be explained by a combination of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors that constitute a biological age, that may be different to the most used chronological one in each patient. 39 The relationship of patients with a single pathology (periodontitis or ED) and the occurrence of serious cardiovascular events and/or MACEs have been recently studied. A prospective 3-year study performed on German population did not find any statistical significance when analyzing the occurrence of a composite endpoint of several CVD similar to MACEs in patients with periodontitis, although patients with severe periodontitis achieved this combined CVD endpoint more often (HR = 1.05) and other periodontal parameters where statistically significant such as BoP and missing teeth.…”

Periodontitis and Accelerated Biological Aging: A Geroscience Approach

“…To avoid the use of parameters that are phenotypic signs of periodontitis (clinical attachment loss; CAL), the same authors elaborated a subsequent model that accounted for systemic variables (Meisel et al 2021). A composite age predictor based on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, waist circumference, and white cells count was able to predict the risk for periodontitis in the same population.…”