Indirect pumping bell–bloom magnetometer

Wang, Meng-Bing; Zhao, Duoduo; Zhang, Guiying; Zhao, K.

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/26/10/100701

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…where σ y is the Pauli matrix along the Y direction. What we have measured in experiment is Py , [35] which is Py = Tr( ρ0 Py ),…”

Section: Theoretical Model and Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time this phenomenon is observed experimentally. We have also used a simplified five-level atomic system model with one excited state and four ground states to represent our experimental configuration, and by solving the Liouville equation, [34,35] the experimental result can be explained approximately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of pump intensity on atomic spin relaxation in a vapor cell*

Yang¹,

Zuo²,

Tian³

et al. 2019

Chinese Phys. B

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Atomic spin relaxation in a vapor cell, which can be characterized by the magnetic resonance linewidth (MRL), is an important parameter that eventually determines the sensitivity of an atomic magnetometer. In this paper, we have extensively studied how the pump intensity affects the spin relaxation. The experiment is performed with a cesium vapor cell, and the influence of the pump intensity on MRL is measured at room temperature at zero-field resonance. A simple model with five atomic levels of a Λ-like configuration is discussed theoretically, which can be used to represent the experimental process approximately, and the experimental results can be explained to some extent. Both the experimental and the theoretical results show a nonlinear broadening of the MRL when the pump intensity is increasing. The work helps to understand the mechanism of pump induced atomic spin relaxation in the atomic magnetometers.

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“…where σ y is the Pauli matrix along the Y direction. What we have measured in experiment is Py , [35] which is Py = Tr( ρ0 Py ),…”

Section: Theoretical Model and Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pump intensity on atomic spin relaxation in a vapor cell*

Yang¹,

Zuo²,

Tian³

et al. 2019

Chinese Phys. B

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“…Usually, the exploitation of new techniques to enhance the precision of parameter estimation leads to technological advancement and scientific breakthroughs. The fast development of atomic spectroscopy, [3] optical interferometry, [4,5] gravitational wave detection, [6] magnetometry, [7,8] quantum frequency standards improvement, [9] and clock synchronization [10,11] can be attributed to the improvement of quantum metrology. Quantum Fisher information (QFI), which lies at the heart of quantum information theory and quantum estimation theory, can be used to measure the sensitivity of the state with respect to changes in a parameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum metrology with a non-Markovian qubit system

Huang¹,

Shi²,

Xie³

et al. 2018

Chinese Phys. B

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The dynamics of the quantum Fisher information (QFI) of phase parameter estimation in a non-Markovian dissipative qubit system is investigated within the structure of single and double Lorentzian spectra. We use the time-convolutionless method with fourth-order perturbation expansion to obtain the general forms of QFI for the qubit system in terms of a non-Markovian master equation. We find that the phase parameter estimation can be enhanced in our model within both single and double Lorentzian spectra. What is more, the detuning and spectral width are two significant factors affecting the enhancement of parameter-estimation precision.

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Influence of pump light on sensitivity of magnetometer based on linearly polarized Bell-Bloom structure

Chen¹,

Zuo²,

Zhuang-Zhuang³

et al. 2019

Acta Phys. Sin.

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Magnetometry has already been widely used in mineral exploration, medical exploration and precision measurement physics. One is trying to improve the sensitivity of the magnetometer. One of the most widely used magnetometers is based on the Bell-Bloom structure, which can be realized by modulating the pump light. The sensitivity of the Bell-Bloom magnetometer is determined by the magnetic resonance linewidth (MRL) and the signal-to-noise under the condition of magnetic resonance (SNR). Both are affected by the pump intensity and the relaxation rate of the atoms. In order to achieve a higher sensitivity, how these factors affect the magnetic field measurement should be analyzed. In this paper, the influence of the pump light on the sensitivity of the linearly polarized Bell-Bloom magnetometer is investigated based on the Bloch equation with amplitude modulated pump beam and the rate equations with spin relaxation. The rate equations are obtained from the Liouville equation, and the theoretical analysis is based on the cesium. The pump beam is linearly polarized and is resonant to D1 transition of cesium. Both the direct pump (pump frequency is resonant to <inline-formula><tex-math id="M500">\begin{document}${6^2}{{\rm{S}}_{1/2}}\;F = 4$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_M500.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_M500.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>−<inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20190422020150-2">\begin{document}${6^2}{{\rm{P}}_{1/2}}\;F' = 3$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_Z-20190422020150-2.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_Z-20190422020150-2.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> transition) and the indirect pump (pump frequency is resonant to <inline-formula><tex-math id="M501">\begin{document}${6^2}{{\rm{S}}_{1/2}}\;F = 3 $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_M501.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_M501.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>−<inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20190422020310-3">\begin{document}${6^2}{{\rm{P}}_{1/2}}\;F' = 4$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_Z-20190422020310-3.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_Z-20190422020310-3.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> transition) are analyzed. The experiment is performed based on a 20-mm cube cesium vapour cell with 20-Torr helium as buffer gas. The linearly polarized probe beam is tuned to resonance to cesium D2 transition <inline-formula><tex-math id="M502">\begin{document}${6^2}{{\rm{S}}_{1/2}}\;F = 4$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_M502.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_M502.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>−<inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20190422020405-4">\begin{document}$ {6^2}{{\rm{P}}_{3/2}}\;F' = 5$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_Z-20190422020405-4.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_Z-20190422020405-4.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, and the intensity of the probe is 0.2 W/m2. The spectra of magnetic resonance are measured by using the lock-in detection with a scanning of the modulation frequency. Then the sensitivity can be obtained by measuring MRL and SNR. The experimental results show that the sensitivity and the pump intensity are related nonlinearly, which is coincident with theoretical result. Higher sensitivity can be obtained under the condition of indirect pump. In addition, the effect of atomic spin relaxation on sensitivity is also analyzed with the indirect pump beam. This work clarifies the dynamics of the Bell-Bloom magnetometer to some extent. The highest sensitivity obtained is <inline-formula><tex-math id="M503">\begin{document}$31.7\;{\rm{pT}}/\sqrt {{\rm{Hz}}} $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_M503.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20190030_M503.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> in our experiment, which can be optimized by using other kinds of vapour cells and different measuring methods.

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Indirect pumping bell–bloom magnetometer

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of pump intensity on atomic spin relaxation in a vapor cell*

Influence of pump intensity on atomic spin relaxation in a vapor cell*

Quantum metrology with a non-Markovian qubit system

Influence of pump light on sensitivity of magnetometer based on linearly polarized Bell-Bloom structure

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