Indigenous, Minority, and Heritage Language Education in Canada: Policies, Contexts, and Issues

Barriers to Return-to-Work for Linguistic Minorities in Ontario: An Analysis of Narratives from Appeal Decisions

“…Judgment seemed to be intact. 9 In another case, a physician suggested that the worker was malingering and unwilling to return to work. The worker argued that communication barriers may have played a role in the physician's determination:…”

“…In Canada, it has been linked to better housing and employment conditions and improved access to government-provided services like health care and education [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Studies have similarly identified language disparities in access to workers' compensation, which provides victims of occupational injuries or illnesses with benefits and services such as income replacement, health care and vocational services.…”

Multilingualism in Canada: Policy and Education in Applied Linguistics Research

“…Federal policy is considered as well in work on heritage language programs (Duff, 2008;Duff & Li, 2009), highlighting how the provision of these educational services is often linked to policy measures such as the Multiculturalism Act and the Official Languages Act that protect the rights of official language minorities, but they are supported in varying ways regionally. As Duff (2008) argued in an analysis of language policy changes in British Columbia, the term heritage languages is being replaced in federal documents and provincial curricula with international languages, an ideological shift that is guided by political interests and economic pressures rather than educational insight.…”

Language Ideologies and Learning Historical Minority Languages

“…However, recent developments in the theory and practice of language teaching have revealed that the contexts of learning historical languages are, in fact, manifold (e.g. Lynch 2003;Duff 2009). For instance, reviving languages, such as Gaelic or Welsh, are often learned by language enthusiasts (Zenker 2014: 64), who do not have anybody who speaks the language in question in their family (cf.…”