“…Much of this criticism pays special attention to the unequal relationships of power that hide behind participation mechanisms (Addison, 1996;Butcher, 2007Butcher, , 2011Jamal & Getz, 1999;Joppe, 1996;Liu, 2003;Lyall, 2011;Salazar, 2011;Scheyvens, 1999;Telfer & Sharpley, 2008;Tosun, 2000Tosun, , 2006Vargas del Río, 2010). Also, the application of western models of participation to non-western societies has been branded ethnocentric (Farrelly, 2011;Nault & Stapleton, 2011). In recent years, there has even been debate over the direct relationship between participatory processes and a proper distribution of benefits: a link that had, until recently, been deemed irrefutable (Li, 2006;Simpson, 2008;Wang, Yang, Chen, Yang, & Li, 2010;Ying & Zhou, 2007).…”