Increasing Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Homosexual Men in Western Europe and the United States: Why?

Fenton, Kevin; Imrie, John

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2005.04.004

Cited by 178 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…This percentage is considerably higher than what was noted for heterosexual women in Sweden and the Netherlands (18%) and even higher than what was reported in a Norwegian study of specimens from youths including geographic subpopulations that were collected in the same year (11). The large overlap between data for MSM from different countries probably reflects that this group has larger numbers of partners and more internationalized sexual networks than heterosexual populations (9).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Chlamydia trachomatis Strains Show Specific Clustering for Men Who Have Sex with Men Compared to Heterosexual Populations in Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United States

et al. 2012

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f High-resolution genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis improves the characterization of strains infecting different patient groups and sexual networks. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and ompA sequence determination were used for an analysis of C. trachomatis strains from 203 men who have sex with men (MSM) from Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United States. The results obtained were compared with data from 153 heterosexual women from Sweden and the Netherlands. The overlap in MLST/ompA profiles between MSM from Sweden and the Netherlands was 68%, while the overlap between heterosexual populations from these countries was only 18%. The distribution of genotypes in MSM from the United States was less similar to that in MSM from the European countries, with 45% and 46% overlaps for MSM in Sweden and the Netherlands, respectively. Minimum-spanning-tree analysis of MLST/ompA sequence types identified two large clusters that contained almost exclusively samples from MSM and comprised 74% of all MSM samples. Three other clusters were predominated by samples from women but also contained MSM specimens. Of 19 detected variants of the MLST target CT144, three variants were highly associated with MSM. Our study supports the hypotheses of both tissue tropism as well as epidemiological network structures as explanations for the linkage between specific genetic variants and sexual orientation.

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“…On the other hand, there are some characteristics suggesting an ongoing outbreak like a sudden increase in the number of cases potentially linked and the presence of geographical clustering. The increase in high-risk sexual practices, such as serosorting, among HIV-positive MSM after the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) could have contributed to the spread of the disease in the last years in this specific group, as observed for other STD such as syphilis and gonorrhea [48]. A selection bias (testing only HIV-infected patients and HIV-infected persons being more aware) cannot be excluded [9].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis: a silent endemic disease in men who have sex with men in industrialised countries

Martín-Iguacel

Llibre

Nielsen

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by serovars L1-L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis. Rare in the western world prior to 2003, different outbreaks or clusters of LGV have been reported in Europe, North America and Australia among men who have sex with men (MSM) over the past few years. The majority were HIV infected MSM with high-risk sexual behaviour and a high rate of concomitant STD, including hepatitis C. Most of them presented with a proctitis syndrome and only a few with the classical bubonic form. A previously non-described serovar, L2b, has been identified as the main causative agent of the epidemic. A delay in diagnosis has been the rule because of the misleading symptomatology of LGV proctitis, the unfamiliarity of the disease to physicians, and the lack of a routine diagnostic test for LGV serovars. It is crucial to increase the awareness of the disease among physicians for prompt diagnosis and treatment, to avoid complications, and to stop ongoing transmission. It has additional public health implications since LGV may facilitate the transmission and acquisition of HIV and other STD.

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“…In the United Kingdom, rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia among men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to rise (1), while studies highlight increases in the numbers of HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM reporting high-risk sexual behavior since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (2)(3)(4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The “3 in 1” Study: Pooling Self-Taken Pharyngeal, Urethral, and Rectal Samples into a Single Sample for Analysis for Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in Men Who Have Sex with Men

et al. 2016

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c Triple-site testing (using pharyngeal, rectal, and urethral/first-void urine samples) for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis using nucleic acid amplification tests detects greater numbers of infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, triple-site testing represents a cost pressure for services. MSM over 18 years of age were eligible if they requested testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), reported recent sexual contact with either C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae, or had symptoms of an STI. Each patient underwent standard-of-care (SOC) triple-site testing, and swabs were taken to form a pooled sample (PS) (pharyngeal, rectal, and urine specimens). The PS was created using two methods during different periods at one clinic, but we analyzed the data in combination because the sensitivity of the two methods did not differ significantly for C. trachomatis (P ‫؍‬ 0.774) or N. gonorrhoeae (P ‫؍‬ 0.163). The sensitivity of PS testing (92%) was slightly lower than that of SOC testing (96%) for detecting C. trachomatis (P ‫؍‬ 0.167). For N. gonorrhoeae, the sensitivity of PS testing (90%) was significantly lower than that of SOC testing (99%) (P < 0.001). When pharynx-only infections were excluded, the sensitivity of PS testing to detect N. gonorrhoeae infections increased to 94%. Our findings show that pooling of self-taken samples could be an effective and cost-saving method, with high negative predictive values. (Interim results of this study were presented at the BASHH 2013 summer meeting.) I n the United States and Europe, genital Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In the United Kingdom, rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia among men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to rise (1), while studies highlight increases in the numbers of HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM reporting high-risk sexual behavior since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (2-4).Coinfection with an STI and HIV has been shown to increase HIV transmission in epidemiological studies (5-7). Concomitant genital infections have been shown to increase shedding of HIV in the genital tract, in both vaginal secretions and seminal fluid (8, 9). Rectal C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae infections have been associated with HIV acquisition in MSM (10), and it is plausible that they may also enhance HIV transmission.Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are being used increasingly to screen MSM for pharyngeal and rectal C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae infections, in addition to the use of urethral or first-void urine (FVU) samples, and the use of NAATs is now recommended in national guidelines (11). While there are no NAATs licensed for use with extragenital specimens, several studies have demonstrated that NAATs perform well for the detection of both pharyngeal and rectal C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae infections in . Studies evaluating the performance of these testing methodologies have demonstrated sensitivities and sp...

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“…1 After a dramatic and steady decline through the middle of the 1990s, STIs resurged among men who have sex with men (MSM) and became hyperendemic. [2][3][4] Recent trends suggest that with the advent of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), increases in STIs among MSM may be accelerating further. [5][6][7] It is evident that current strategies need to be expanded upon, improved and combined with novel approaches.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmissible infection control programs for men who have sex with men – what will they look like in 2020?

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The resurgence of sexually transmissible infections among men who have sex with men is a concern for sexual health. Traditional strategies have relied on the promotion of condom use, regular testing, treatment, and partner management. Future sexually transmissible infection control programs must combine current prevention methods with novel approaches that target the providers, patients, and mechanisms of health care delivery.

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“…These strata often begin with the more proximal causes or moderators of disease, at the individual or intrapersonal level, and move towards the more distal interpersonal risks, social and cultural factors and ultimately societal, structural or environmental level factors. Several researchers have pointed to the importance of the ecological framework or inclusion of these multilevel factors in understanding the HIV/AIDS epidemic [8,[10][11][12]. Each of these levels embodies multiple research questions, often with multiple alternate hypothesized results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Hurricane Katrina on the Louisiana HIV/AIDS Epidemic: A Socio-Ecological Perspective

Robinson¹

2013

Natural Disasters - Multifaceted Aspects in Management and Impact Assessment

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Increasing Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Homosexual Men in Western Europe and the United States: Why?

Cited by 178 publications

References 77 publications

Chlamydia trachomatis Strains Show Specific Clustering for Men Who Have Sex with Men Compared to Heterosexual Populations in Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United States

Lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis: a silent endemic disease in men who have sex with men in industrialised countries

The “3 in 1” Study: Pooling Self-Taken Pharyngeal, Urethral, and Rectal Samples into a Single Sample for Analysis for Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in Men Who Have Sex with Men

Sexually transmissible infection control programs for men who have sex with men – what will they look like in 2020?

Impact of Hurricane Katrina on the Louisiana HIV/AIDS Epidemic: A Socio-Ecological Perspective

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