Increasing dietary levels of citral oil on nutrient total tract digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and milk composition in Saanen goats

Canaes, Taíssa de Souza; Zanferari, Filipe; Maganhe, Bruna Larissa; Takiya, Caio Seiti; Silva, Thiago Henrique da; Valle, Tiago A. Del; Rennó, Francisco Palma

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.05.002

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The literature data concerning the effect of EO on goat milk’s fatty acid profile are relatively more consistent ( Table 4 ). Except for one study that observed no effect of citral oil on the milk FA profile in Saanen goats [ 106 ], the inclusion of EO in the diet improved the milk fatty acid profile in goats. For example, the inclusion of a methanolic extract of cumin seeds at two dosages (12.7 and 25.3 g/kg DMI) reduced the concentration of saturated FA (SFA) and increased that of PUFA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and the PUFA: SFA ratio in goat milk [ 104 ].…”

Section: Feeding Strategy To Improve the Fatty Acid Content In Shementioning

confidence: 99%

Sheep and Goats Respond Differently to Feeding Strategies Directed to Improve the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk Fat

Nudda

Cannas

Correddu

et al. 2020

Animals

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This bibliographic review presents and discusses the nutritional strategies able to increase the concentration of beneficial fatty acids (FA) in sheep and goat milk, and dairy products, with a particular focus on the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), and highlights differences between the two species. In fact, by adopting appropriate feeding strategies, it is possible to markedly vary the concentration of fat in milk and improve its FA composition. These strategies are based mostly on the utilization of herbage rich in PUFA, or on the inclusion of vegetable, marine, or essential oils in the diet of lactating animals. Sheep respond more effectively than goats to the utilization of fresh herbage and to nutritional approaches that improve the milk concentration of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) and α-linolenic acid. Dietary polyphenols can influence milk FA profile, reducing or inhibiting the activity and growth of some strains of rumen microbes involved in the biohydrogenation of PUFA. Although the effectiveness of plant secondary compounds in improving milk FA composition is still controversial, an overall positive effect has been observed on the concentration of PUFA and RA, without marked differences between sheep and goats. On the other hand, the positive effect of dietary polyphenols on the oxidative stability of milk fat appears to be more consistent.

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Section: Feeding Strategy To Improve the Fatty Acid Content In Shementioning

confidence: 99%

Sheep and Goats Respond Differently to Feeding Strategies Directed to Improve the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk Fat

Nudda

Cannas

Correddu

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Here, the effects exhibited by P. graveolens on VFA are consistent with the results of Patra and Yu (2012) who found no alteration in TVFA level with M. piperita, whereas both acetate and the acetate to propionate ratio increased. Conversely, Canaes et al (2017) reported that citral oil reduced the ruminal acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio. This discrepancy could be due to the variation in the concentration and activity of secondary metabolites within a given EO source.…”

Section: Effects On Rumen Fermentation Productsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of the Effect of Four Essential Oils as Potential Alternatives for Monensin on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Nutrient Degradability

Elwakeel

Al‐Sagheer

Ahmed

2019

Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds

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he objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four essential oils (EOs) from guava (Psidium guajava), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) on gas production and rumen fermentation in vitro as a natural substitute for the ionophore antibiotic monensin. These EOs are chemically characterised by Gas Chromatography Mass and evaluated in vitro at four different concentrations (0, 15, 30, and 45 µl per 45 ml buffered rumen fluid) regarding their effects on gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics and were compared to those of monensin. Compared to the negative control, monensin significantly depressed gas production and truly degraded dry matter (TDDM) but enhanced propionate production. All EOs except P. graveolens significantly decreased gas production with increasing concentrations. TDDM was significantly reduced with C. citratus (at 45 µl) and P. graveolens (at 30 and 45 µl). No significant change was detected in the ammonia nitrogen concentration with all assayed EOs except C. nardus and C. Citrus. Compared to monensin and the negative control, C. nardus and C. Citrus reduced the ammonia concentration at high levels. High levels of all tested EOs significantly reduced protozoa counts. The EOs of C. citratus (at 45 µl) and P. graveolens (at 30 and 45 µl) also significantly increased the acetate proportion. Moreover, the acetate to propionate ratio was significantly increased by 30 µl P. graveolens. The results of the current study concluded that the tested EOs, except P. graveolens, efficiently diminished gas production with a similar potency to monensin. Furthermore, they exceed the monensin in their ability to reduce the ammonia nitrogen concentration and protozoa count without adversely affecting volatile fatty acid levels. But, they were less effective than monensin in modifying ruminal volatile fatty acid profile especially propionate and acetate to propionate ratio. Hence, P. guajava, C. nardus, and C. citratus EOs could be a safe and promising rumen manipulator.

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“…Future research attention with these and other herbs should consider different experimental and production conditions such as level of dietary inclusion. For example, herb and seed levels of Kholif et al (2017b) and Morsy et al (2018) were 0.023% BW compared with much higher levels of citral oil used by Canaes et al (2017) of 0.08-0.24 ml/kg BW. Moreover, specific factors responsible for changes should be identified, as without such information conditions and settings to which such findings can be extrapolated are unclear and long-term research progress will be limited.…”

Section: Dietary Additives and Plant Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is a wide array of essential oils and multiple ones present in many plants and plant parts. In this regard, Canaes et al (2017) included citral oil, the primary essential oil in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), at 0, 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24 ml/kg BW in a 50% concentrate diet fed to Saanen goats in a Latin square study with 21-day periods starting at 75 DIM. There was no effect on feed intake but a linear decrease in NDF digestibility with increasing level of citral oil occurred, although values were quite low relative to digestibilities of other fractions (34.9-43.3% vs. 74.0-75.5%).…”

Section: Dietary Additives and Plant Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent research of feeding practices and the nutrition of lactating dairy goats

Goetsch

2019

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Dairy goats can mobilize considerable body fat for support of milk production, but this can necessitate a high nutritional plane later for replenishment. Tissue mobilization during gestation should be controlled so as not to impair lactational performance. Dairy goats can markedly vary feeding behaviour in response to factors such as restricted periods of access; however, further studies are needed to address the efficiency of production. With some tolerance of goats to plant secondary metabolites and voluntary consumption of a wide array of materials, regionally available byproducts and other nonconventional feedstuffs can be used to minimize production costs. Dairy goats are resilient to moderately harsh environmental conditions, but more extreme ones should be addressed with anticipated future climate change. Some differences in the effects of dietary inclusion of fats and oils between dairy goats and cattle may relate to ruminal microbial conditions as well as the susceptibility of mammary gland enzymes to bioactive conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Much research is being conducted to improve the fatty acid composition of fat in goat milk in regard to effects on human health through the use of fats and oils as well as plant secondary metabolites, and effects on antioxidant status are increasingly being considered as well. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Increasing dietary levels of citral oil on nutrient total tract digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and milk composition in Saanen goats

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

Sheep and Goats Respond Differently to Feeding Strategies Directed to Improve the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk Fat

Sheep and Goats Respond Differently to Feeding Strategies Directed to Improve the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk Fat

Evaluation of the Effect of Four Essential Oils as Potential Alternatives for Monensin on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Nutrient Degradability

Recent research of feeding practices and the nutrition of lactating dairy goats

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