Increased waist circumference is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in schoolchildren

Al-Domi, Hayder; Al-Shorman, Alaa

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.09.004

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Second, the fact that circulating inflammatory biomarkers at physiological levels can act with both, anti-and pro-inflammatory effects [10] could partially explain the divergent results found in the present study. Third, our sample showed optimal values of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition, which have been related to lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers [21,22]. Although in our sample levels of WBC and IL-6 are within the published range, they seem to be lower than the mean values reported in the existing literature [30,31], which could partially explain that these concentrations did not affect students' academic performance.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 38%

“…adherence to the Mediterranean diet. These are relevant cofounders given the association of socioeconomic status [19], waist circumference [20,21] and adherence to the Mediterranean diet [17,22] with inflammation and academic performance. In addition, since adolescence is a period of developmental changes at a different pace, sex and pubertal stage were also considered as covariates.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the strengths of the study comprise the use of different blood-derived inflammatory biomarkers, and the inclusion of a standardized test of academic abilities. In addition, our statistical analyses were controlled for pubertal stage, socioeconomic status related variables [19], waist circumference [20,21] and adherence to the Mediterranean diet [17,22], which are relevant given their association with inflammation and academic performance as suggested by previous research.…”

Section: Limitations and Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulating inflammatory biomarkers and academic performance in adolescents: DADOS study

et al. 2020

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Objective The present study aimed (1) to examine the association between circulating inflammatory biomarkers and academic performance in adolescents, and (2) to identify the ability of circulating inflammatory biomarkers to predict low academic performance. Methods A total of 244 adolescents (13.9±0.3 years, 112 girls) from the DADOS study were included in the analysis. Four inflammatory biomarkers were quantified: white blood cell (WBC) count, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Academic performance was assessed through academic grades and the Spanish version of the Science Research Associates Test of Educational Abilities. Results TNF-α was inversely associated with math, Spanish and grade point average (β ranging from -0.166 to -0.124; all p<0.05), while CRP was inversely associated with verbal ability (β = -0.128; p<0.05). Overall, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses showed discriminatory ability of WBC and TNF-α in identifying low academic performance (all p<0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analyses indicated that students with levels of WBC and TNF-α above the ROC cut-offs values showed between 78% to 87% increased likelihood of lower academic performance (p<0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggested that some circulating inflammatory biomarkers were associated with academic performance in adolescents. Further larger longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to clarify the short-term and long-term relationship between inflammation and academic performance in youths.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 38%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulating inflammatory biomarkers and academic performance in adolescents: DADOS study

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, additional parameters have been suggested to classify obesity and, more importantly, to evaluate the associated risks depending on factors beyond simple anthropometric measures. Indeed, taking into consideration more parameters, such as the hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype [ 3 ], waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) [ 4 , 5 ], has allowed a certain categorization of obese patients. However, the limits of such parameters have been shown through the history of obesity classification [ 6 ], which has encouraged researchers to continuously develop more optimized classification systems with measures that would reflect the impact that obesity has on both individual and population health.…”

Section: Defining and Classifying Obesity: Fat Distribution Rathermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, exercise and healthy diet even without weight loss still improve the cardiometabolic profile of obese individuals [ 15 ], suggesting that reducing lipid mass percentage (increasing muscle mass percentage in the case of exercise intervention) rather than the whole body weight is behind these observed beneficial effects. Therefore, the amelioration in the risk factors profile would be attributed to changes in WHR and WC, which are also two parameters that reflect both cardio-metabolic risk and fat distribution [ 4 , 5 ]. Thus, WHR and WC represent good parameters to optimize obesity definition, classification and the evaluation of the related risks.…”

Section: Defining and Classifying Obesity: Fat Distribution Rathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Broken Energy Homeostasis and Obesity Pathogenesis: The Surrounding Concepts

Ghanemi

Yoshioka²,

St‐Amand

2018

JCM

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Obesity represents an abnormal fat accumulation resulting from energy imbalances. It represents a disease with heavy consequences on population health and society economy due to its related morbidities and epidemic proportion. Defining and classifying obesity and its related parameters of evaluation is the first challenge toward understanding this multifactorial health problem. Therefore, within this review we report selected illustrative examples of the underlying mechanisms beyond the obesity pathogenesis which is systemic rather than limited to fat accumulation. We also discuss the gut-brain axis and hormones as the controllers of energy homeostasis and report selected impacts of obesity on the key metabolic tissues. The concepts of “broken energy balance” is detailed as the obesity starting key step. Sleep shortage and psychological factors are also reported with influences on obesity development. Importantly, describing such mechanistic pathways would allow clinicians, biologists and researchers to develop and optimize approaches and methods in terms of diagnosis, classification, clinical evaluation, treatment and prognosis of obesity.

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Direct and indirect effects of obesity on progression of carotid arterial injury in youth

Gao

Khoury

Dolan

et al. 2021

Obesity

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Objective Increased carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) is associated with cardiovascular (CV) events in adults and with elevated CV risk factors in youth. The aim of this study was to determine whether obesity has an direct or indirect association with cIMT. Methods Structural equation modeling was used to elucidate pathways for obesity to change cIMT. Complete data were collected twice on 294 participants (mean age 17.5 years, 16% with type 2 diabetes). Latent baseline and follow‐up cIMT, BMI, and CV risk factors were analyzed with SAS 9.4. Model fit was assessed. Results There were increases in BMI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, C‐reactive protein, and glucose and a decrease in insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin over 5 years (all p < 0.05). Only bulb (0.031 mm) and internal (0.027 mm) cIMT increased (all p < 0.001). Significant direct effects on cIMT change were baseline MAP (β 0.23), BMI z score (β 0.16), change in glucose (β 0.37), and age (β 0.37; all p < 0.05). Change in MAP showed a trend (β 0.14, p = 0.10). BMI also had a significant indirect effect (β 0.17), whereas non‐HDL demonstrated no significant effect. Conclusions Baseline adiposity drives increasing blood pressure and glucose in high‐risk youth leading to accelerated accumulation of carotid arterial injury. Prevention of acquisition of obesity in youth is critical in slowing development of CV disease.

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Increased waist circumference is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in schoolchildren

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Circulating inflammatory biomarkers and academic performance in adolescents: DADOS study

Circulating inflammatory biomarkers and academic performance in adolescents: DADOS study

Broken Energy Homeostasis and Obesity Pathogenesis: The Surrounding Concepts

Direct and indirect effects of obesity on progression of carotid arterial injury in youth

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