Increased symptom severity but unchanged neuraminidase inhibitor effectiveness for A(H1N1)pdm09 in the 2010-2011 season: comparison with the previous season and with seasonal A(H3N2) and B

Kawai, Naoki; Ikematsu, Hideyuki; Kawashima, Takashi; Maeda, Tetsunari; Ukai, Hiroshi; Hirotsu, Nobuo; Iwaki, Norio; Kashiwagi, Seizaburo

doi:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00421.x

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…An overview of the studies (Table and Table ) showed a lot of diversity in the populations that were investigated: Studies are presented in terms of hospitalized patients (n = 22) or cover mainly outpatient settings (n = 19), such as primary care (n = 6) or community‐based (n = 4) settings. Most studies were carried out in Asia (n = 17), Europe (n = 15), or North America (n = 8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influenza viruses that were most frequently compared were A(H1N1)p versus A(H3N2) (n = 23), influenza A versus B (n = 18), and A(H1N1) versus A(H3N2) (n = 12). The proportion of influenza patients that had received the vaccine was reported in 24 studies, but RR estimates were adjusted for vaccination status in only four papers . Vaccinated patients were excluded from the analyses in four studies, and no or insufficient information on patients’ vaccination status was available in 19 studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of antivirals by influenza patients was reported in 23 studies: Of these, only three provided RR estimates for antiviral use. In two studies, influenza patients who received antiviral treatment were excluded from the analyses, while one study only included patients that received antiviral treatment. Finally, there was no or insufficient information on antiviral use in 21 studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical characteristics and severity of influenza infections by virus type, subtype, and lineage: A systematic literature review

Caini

Kroneman

Wiegers

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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AimStudies carried out in the early 2000s found that the number of influenza‐associated hospitalizations and deaths was highest in seasons dominated by A(H3N2), suggesting that the clinical presentation and severity of influenza may differ across virus types, subtypes, and lineages. We aimed to review the studies that examined this hypothesis.MethodWe conducted a literature review of studies published until January 2017 that compared the clinical presentation, disease severity, and case‐fatality ratio of influenza patients infected with different virus types (A, B), subtypes (pre‐pandemic A(H1N1), A(H1N1)p, A(H3N2)), and lineages (Victoria, Yamagata).ResultsThe literature search resulted in over 1700 entries: After applying in‐ and exclusion criteria, 47 studies were included in the literature review. Studies showed a wide diversity in setting and populations. Only a minority of studies provided results adjusted by patient's age and other potential confounders. There were very few differences in the clinical presentation of patients infected with different influenza viruses. We found weak evidence that the A(H1N1)p subtype in the post‐pandemic period was more often associated with secondary bacterial pneumonia, ICU admission, and death, than the other influenza virus (sub)types.ConclusionContrary to what is commonly assumed, the causal virus subtype does not seem to be a major determinant of clinical presentation and severity of influenza illness. However, drawing conclusions was made difficult by the low comparability and methodological shortcomings of included studies, and more well‐designed studies are warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical characteristics and severity of influenza infections by virus type, subtype, and lineage: A systematic literature review

Caini

Kroneman

Wiegers

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…The drug is retained in the respiratory tract for up to 6 days after a single inhalation [69, 70]. After the licensure, it is generally observed that laninamivir is as equally effective as the other three NAIs against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B to children and adults [71–75]. …”

Section: National Influenza Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese Surveillance Systems and Treatment for Influenza

Zaraket

Saito

2016

Curr Treat Options Infect Dis

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Opinion statementInfluenza management and surveillance programs in Japan possess several unique features. The national influenza surveillance is affiliated with National Epidemiological Surveillance for Infectious Diseases (NESID) and features sentinel outpatient surveillance, virological surveillance, and reports on hospitalization, mortality, and influenza-associated encephalopathy. Of note, information on the number of student absences and class/grade/school closures due to influenza are also reported to the government and made publically available. A private online influenza surveillance portal by volunteer doctors provides a real-time information source for the Japanese clinicians and the general public. For influenza treatment, three classes of drugs are approved and covered by national medical insurance in Japan: M2 inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), and a polymerase inhibitor. Four NAIs, oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir, and peramivir, are licensed in Japan and are prescribed to seven to eight million patients annually. NAIs are prescribed to any influenza outpatient rather than being limited to severe cases. The majority (80–95 %) of patients start the treatment within 48 h of onset. Laninamivir and peramivir were used almost solely in Japan, until the approval of the latter drug by the FDA. Observational studies showed that the two drugs have equal effectiveness as oseltamivir and zanamivir. The Japanese approach to influenza surveillance and management has facilitated bringing new influenza antivirals to the markets and has driven innovative research in this field. New classes of antivirals, including polymerase inhibitors and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor, provide novel tools for treatment of influenza in Japan and the rest of the world.

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“…Analyses of vital statistics data from the United States and South Africa have suggested that the numbers of excess deaths associated with influenza are higher in years when influenza A(H3N2) virus is circulating than when influenza B or prepandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus is circulating ( 4 , 7 ). Some studies have suggested that influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection led to more severe outcomes than did other types and subtypes ( 8 , 9 ). In the first 3 months after influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was identified in South Africa, 91 deaths among 12,331 patients with laboratory-confirmed cases were identified; rates of HIV infection and pregnancy among those who died were high ( 10 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%