Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Subjects with Both Elevated Liver Enzymes and Ultrasonographically Diagnosed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A 4-year Longitudinal Study

Choi, Ji Hun; Rhee, Eun-Jung; Bae, Ji Cheol; Park, Se Eun; Park, Cheol‐Young; Cho, Yong Kyun; Oh, Ki Won; Park, Sung Woo; Lee, Won Young

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.01.007

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The converse relationship is also true. In a 4-year longitudinal study, the proportion of incident diabetes in those with steatosis and an abnormal ALT was 11.8% compared with 3.5% in the control group (113). Furthermore, glycaemic control is worse in patients with type 2 diabetes and coexistent NAFLD (114), and there is an increased rate of complications including coronary and cerebrovascular events (114), diabetic nephropathy (115) and death (116).…”

Section: Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms in endocrinology: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in common endocrine disorders

Hazlehurst

Tomlinson

2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disease spanning from simple benign steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis and scarring that can eventually lead to cirrhosis. Its prevalence is rising rapidly and is developing into the leading indication for liver transplantation worldwide. Abnormalities in endocrine axes have been associated with NALFD, including hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, GH deficiency and hypercortisolaemia. In some instances, correction of the endocrine defects has been shown to have a beneficial impact. While in patients with type 2 diabetes the association with NAFLD is well established and recognised, there is a more limited appreciation of the condition among common endocrine diseases presenting with hormonal excess or deficiency. In this review, we examine the published data that have suggested a mechanistic link between endocrine abnormalities and NAFLD and summarise the clinical data endorsing these observations.

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Section: Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms in endocrinology: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in common endocrine disorders

Hazlehurst

Tomlinson

2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Thus, the risk of T2DM can be speculated to be lower in patients with improved NAFLD than in those with sustained NAFLD because the effects of NAFLD on T2DM could be attenuated by diminished hepatic steatosis. Because NAFLD is considered a risk factor for T2DM (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), the next clinical issue to address is whether NAFLD improvement is associated with T2DM incidence reduction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lonardo et al (2) showed in a systematic review that NAFLD is strongly associated with future metabolic syndrome and T2DM. In addition, several longitudinal studies evaluated the association between NAFLD detected on ultrasound (US) and T2DM (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Most of these studies observed a significant positive association between NAFLD at baseline and T2DM incidence (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), but longterm cohort studies with a follow-up period of .10 years are limited (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Association Between Improvement of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Reduced Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVEOnly a few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and none have examined whether NAFLD improvement reduces T2DM incidence. We investigated the association between NAFLD improvement and T2DM incidence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSBetween 2000 and 2012, 4,604 participants who underwent a health check twice with >10 years between were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were positive hepatitis B surface antigen, positive hepatitis C antibody, ethanol intake >20 g/day, and diabetes. The 3,074 eligible participants were divided into an NAFLD group (n = 728) and a non-NAFLD group (n = 2,346) according to ultrasonography-detected fatty liver. The NAFLD group was categorized into an improved group (n = 110) and a sustained NAFLD group (n = 618) based on fatty liver disappearance at the second visit. Incident T2DM odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, impaired fasting glucose, family history of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and physical exercise. RESULTST2DM occurred in 117 participants (16.1%) in the NAFLD group and 72 (3.1%) in the non-NAFLD group. NAFLD at baseline was associated with T2DM incidence (multivariate OR 2.37 [95% CI 1.60-3.52]). T2DM occurred in 7 participants (6.4%) in the improved group and in 110 (17.8%) in the sustained NAFLD group. NAFLD improvement was associated with reduced T2DM incidence (multivariate OR 0.27 [95% CI 0.12-0.61]). CONCLUSIONS

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“…There are now about 20 observational studies that have assessed the association between NAFLD and the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence Linking Nafld To the Risk Of New-onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collectively, although there is now convincing evidence that NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], and there is emerging evidence that this risk varies according to the severity of NAFLD (as detected either by ultrasonography or by use of non-invasive fibrosis scoring systems) [9,[12][13][14], further evidence is unquestionably needed in non-Asian populations, as nearly all of the studies summarised in Table 1 have been conducted in various Asian populations, and most of the evidence obtained to date has been obtained in South Korean individuals. However, a recent analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis study involving more than 3,000 United States nondiabetic individuals has confirmed that NAFLD as detected by computed tomography was independently associated with a two-fold increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes [25].…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence Linking Nafld To the Risk Of New-onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Causal association or epiphenomenon?

Targher

Marchesini

Byrne

2016

Diabetes & Metabolism

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, causing considerable liverrelated mortality and morbidity. Over the last 10 years, it has also become increasingly evident that NAFLD is a multisystem disease, affecting many extra-hepatic organ systems and interacting with the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. NAFLD is potentially involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes via its direct contribution to hepatic/peripheral insulin resistance and the systemic release of multiple hepatokines that may adversely affect glucose metabolism and insulin action and secretion. In this updated review, we discuss the rapidly expanding body of clinical and epidemiological evidence that supports a strong link between NAFLD and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We also briefly examine the conventional and the more innovative pharmacological approaches for the treatment of NAFLD that may influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, causing considerable liver-related mortality and morbidity. Over the last 10 years, it has also become increasingly evident that NAFLD is a multisystem disease, affecting many extra-hepatic organ systems and interacting with the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. NAFLD is potentially involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes via its direct contribution to hepatic/peripheral insulin resistance and the systemic release of multiple hepatokines that may adversely affect glucose metabolism and insulin action and secretion. In this updated review, we discuss the rapidly expanding body of clinical and epidemiological evidence that supports a strong link between NAFLD and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We also briefly examine the conventional and the more innovative pharmacological approaches for the treatment of NAFLD that may influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

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Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Subjects with Both Elevated Liver Enzymes and Ultrasonographically Diagnosed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A 4-year Longitudinal Study

Cited by 50 publications

References 30 publications

Mechanisms in endocrinology: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in common endocrine disorders

Mechanisms in endocrinology: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in common endocrine disorders

Independent Association Between Improvement of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Reduced Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes

Risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Causal association or epiphenomenon?

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