Increased enzymatic activity in rice leaf blast suppression by crude extract of Epicoccum sp

Abstract

Epicoccum sp. showed in vitro antagonism to the rice pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Sarocladium oryzae, Monographella albescens and Cochliobolus miyabeanus in dual culture. The colony growth of the rice blast fungus, M. oryzae, was reduced by 42.50%. The lethal doses (LD 50 ) determined based on probit-log dosage response curves at 3 and 6 hours after germination were 393.0 and 326.6 ppm, respectively. The crude extract (600 ppm) reduced appressorial formation by 95.68%. A greenhouse experiment comparing the relative efficiency of conidial suspension and crude extract of Epicoccum sp. in the suppression of leaf blast showed no statistical difference between both application methods. However, the crude extract of Epicoccum sp. (4000 ppm) 48 hours before the application of M. oryzae induced resistance and suppressed leaf blast by 97.6%. Scanning electron microscopy of rice leaves inoculated with crude extract of Epicoccum sp. and challenged with M. oryzae showed appressorial deformation on penetration phase. Peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase activities increased in plants sprayed with crude extract of Epicoccum sp., 24 hours after the application of the challenger. PAL as well as chitinase activities increased 72 hours after challenge inoculation. Epicoccum sp. was shown to be a potential antagonist and inducer of resistance against M. oryzae.

A window into fungal endophytism in Salicornia europaea: deciphering fungal characteristics as plant growth promoting agents

“…Another in vitro experiment revealed increased enzymatic activity of Epiccocum sp. in rice leaf blast suppression against rice pathogens (Sena et al 2013). Sarocladium strictum (also named Acremonium strictum) and Acremonium gamsii were the other two strains used in our study.…”

Inhibitory Effects of Bamboo Leaf on the Growth of Pyricularia grisea Fungus

“…It was documented that the crude extract of Epicoccum sp., the leaf extracts of Prosophis juliflora, and Ziziphus sp inhibited the mycelial growth of P. grisea [5,6]. In addition, extracts from E. aromatica, P. guineense, and G. kola could serve as bio-fungicides against the growth of P. grisea [7].…”

Efficacy of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Medicinal Plants against Blast and Brown Spot Disease of Rice

“…The secondary components of some plants contain medicinally active fractions of plant tissue that are toxic to pathogens (Gurjar et al, 2012) and thus can be utilized in plant disease management programme. Earlier several workers have successfully reported the effective control of rice diseases using plant extracts (Sena et al, 2013;Harlapur et al, 2007;Dutta et al, 2004;Madhusudan, 2004;Raji, 2004). Therefore the present research aimed to study the efficacy of aqueous plant extracts of ten medicinal plants in managing the leaf blast and brown spot pathogens in rice.…”