Increased 24-hour ad libitum food intake is associated with lower plasma irisin concentrations the following morning in adult humans

Abstract

Background The relationship between food intake and irisin concentrations in humans is unclear. Objectives To determine whether the previous day’s intake impacts fasting plasma irisin concentrations, or whether fasting irisin concentrations associate with subsequent ad libitum food intake. Methods Sixty-six nondiabetic adults (42 men) were admitted for a study of the determinants of energy intake. After 6 days of a weight maintaining diet, ad libitum energy intake over 3 days was assessed using a vending machine paradigm. Fasting plasma irisin concentrations were measured on the morning of the second day of the vending period. Results There were no correlations between irisin and demographic or anthropometric parameters. On day 1, subjects consumed 144 ± 52% of weight maintaining energy needs. Every additional 500 kcal consumed on day 1 associated with a 3.4% lower irisin concentration the following morning (95% CI −6.2, −0.4%, p = 0.01; adjusted for age, sex and race). If energy intake was expressed as a percentage of weight maintaining energy needs, every 10% increase associated with a 1.9% lower irisin concentration (95% CI −3.7, −0.1%; adjusted p = 0.02). A 100 kcal increase in carbohydrate or fat consumption associated with a 1.3% (95% CI −2.5, −0.1%, p = 0.01) and a 0.6% (95% CI −1.1, −0.0%, p = 0.02) lower irisin concentration, respectively. There was no association between fasting irisin concentrations and subsequent energy intake on day 2 (r = 0.19, p = 0.1). Conclusions Higher ad libitum 24 h energy intake was associated with lower fasting irisin concentrations the following morning, but fasting irisin concentrations did not predict subsequent energy intake. The decrease in irisin concentrations with increased energy intake is consistent with the detrimental metabolic effects of overeating.

Irisin Serum Levels in Metabolic Syndrome Patients Treated with Three Different Diets: A Post-Hoc Analysis from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

“…Irisin concentrations have been shown to be positively associated with fruit but negatively correlated to meat consumption [ 40 ], whereas in another study irisin was not affected by food intake [ 41 ]. It has also been shown that an increasing calorie intake is associated with lower irisin concentrations [ 42 ].…”

Physiology and role of irisin in glucose homeostasis

“…Only one study in individuals who did not have T2DM showed an association between higher pre-nocturnal energy intake and lower fasting levels of irisin the following morning 106 . However, levels of irisin during fasting did not predict subsequent energy intake, indicating that irisin probably does not regulate appetite in these individuals 106 .…”

Pathophysiology of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Some studies report that irisin is not affected by food intake [157], while others indicate that irisin levels are positively associated with increasing fruit intake and negatively associated with meat consumption [158]. Finally, an inverse association between irisin and higher caloric intake has been shown [159]. …”

“…Contrasting data on higher or lower serum irisin levels in relation with metabolic disorders, diet and exercise are worth further investigation and could be mostly due to the inaccuracy and lack of standardization of commercially-available ELISA assays. Mechanisms underlying the protective metabolic effects of irisin are not well understood and seem to be mostly related to higher induced energy expenditure and not to anti-inflammatory activities, such as NF-κB inactivation [157,158,159]. …”