Increase in relative skeletal muscle mass over time and its inverse association with metabolic syndrome development: a 7-year retrospective cohort study

Kim, Gyuri; Lee, Seung‐Eun; Jun, Ji Eun; Lee, You-Bin; Js, Ahn; Bae, Ji Cheol; Hur, Kyu Yeon; Jee, Jae Hwan; Lee, Moon‐Kyu; Kim, Jae Hyun

doi:10.1186/s12933-018-0659-2

Cited by 63 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…For example, Asian populations have lower BMI values, but a higher risk of IR as well as a higher visceral fat level or fat percentage for a given BMI, than have Caucasians . Many studies have investigated the associations of skeletal muscle mass and FM or %BF with MetS in Asian populations . Muscle mass and strength are protective factors against cardiometabolic risk, whereas high FM index, %BF, and visceral obesity are each positively associated with MetS and IR .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat‐to‐muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

Seo

Song

2020

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background The present study evaluated the associations of the fat‐to‐muscle ratio (FMR) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) in Korean adults using nationally representative survey data. Methods A two‐stage stratified sampling method was reflected in a cross‐sectional study involving a total of 13 032 participants aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA‐IR) was used to evaluate IR and was calculated as follows: [fasting plasma glucose level (mg/dL) × fasting plasma insulin level (uIU/mL)]/405. MetS was defined using the 2006 International Diabetes Federation criteria, and FMR was measured using whole‐body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and calculated as follows: total fat mass (kg) divided by total lean mass (kg). In addition, the optimal FMR cut‐off values for detecting MetS and the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS risk were determined according to the FMR quartile and sex. Results Among all participants, the proportion of women was 58.4%, and the mean age was 44.22 ± 0.26 years. The FMR significantly differed between men and women (0.30 ± 0.002 vs. 0.53 ± 0.003, respectively, P < 0.001), and the prevalence of MetS and IR gradually increased as FMR increased (P for trend: <0.001). The optimal FMR cut‐off value for detecting MetS was higher in women than in men (0.555 vs. 0.336, respectively). The negative predictive value was the highest in normal‐weight participants (0.9992 in women and 0.9986 in men), while the positive predictive value was the highest in obese participants (0.5994 in women and 0.5428 in men). Based on the derived cut‐off FMR, a high FMR was associated with poor outcomes in terms of cardiometabolic risk markers (P < 0.001). The multivariable‐adjusted ORs for MetS, abdominal obesity, and IR (HOMA‐IR ≥ 3) were 5.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.39–6.52], 7.67 (95% CI: 6.33–9.30), and 3.25 (95% CI: 2.70–3.92), respectively, in men and 5.59 (95% CI: 4.66–6.72), 7.48 (95% CI: 6.35–8.82), and 2.55 (95% CI: 2.17–3.00), respectively, in women. Conclusions In the present study, a high FMR was significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS and IR. The present findings also showed that FMR can be a novel indicator for detecting the absence or presence of MetS, particularly in metabolically healthy normal‐weight individuals and metabolically obese obese‐weight individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat‐to‐muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

Seo

Song

2020

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Other risk factors that have been associated with MetS were childhood retinol-binding protein 4 levels, independently of pediatric obesity [ 15 ], and fast eating speed, independently of total energy intake, body mass index at baseline, and body mass index change during the follow-up period [ 16 ]. On the other hand, an increase in relative skeletal muscle mass over time resulted to have a protective preventive effect on developing MetS [ 17 ]. Additionally, supervised high-intensity interval training has resulted to improve MetS and body composition in myocardial infarction patients with MetS undergoing cardiac rehabilitation [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk for cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome and its components: a 13-year prospective study in the RIVANA cohort

Guembe

Fernández-Lázaro

Sayón-Orea

et al. 2020

Cardiovasc Diabetol

147

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Background We aimed to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its single components with cardiovascular risk and estimated their impact on the prematurity of occurrence of cardiovascular events using rate advancement periods (RAPs). Methods We performed prospective analyses among 3976 participants (age range: 35–84, 55% female) in the Vascular Risk in Navarre (RIVANA) Study, a Mediterranean population-based cohort. MetS was defined based on the modified criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the International Diabetes Federation. The primary endpoint was major cardiovascular event (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or mortality from cardiovascular causes). Secondary endpoints were incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders, were fitted to evaluate the association between MetS and its single components at baseline with primary and secondary endpoints. Results During a median follow-up of 12.8 years (interquartile range, 12.5–13.1), we identified 228 primary endpoint events. MetS was associated with higher risk of incidence of major cardiovascular event, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, but was neither associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction nor stroke. Compared with participants without MetS, the multivariable hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) among participants with MetS was 1.32 (1.01–1.74) with RAP (95% CI) of 3.23 years (0.03, 6.42) for major cardiovascular event, 1.64 (1.03–2.60) with RAP of 3.73 years (0.02, 7.45) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.45 (1.17–1.80) with RAP of 3.24 years (1.21, 5.27) for all-cause mortality. The magnitude of the associations of the single components of MetS was similar than the predicted by MetS. Additionally, for each additional trait of MetS, incidence of major cardiovascular event relatively increased by 22% (1.22, 95% CI 1.09–1.36) with RAP of 2.31 years (0.88, 3.74). Conclusions MetS was independently associated with CVD risk, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Components of the MetS were associated with similar magnitude of increased CVD, which suggests that MetS was not in excess of the level explained by the presence of its single components. Further research should explore the association of different combinations of the components of MetS with CVD.

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“… 5 Several studies have reported that sarcopenia and low muscle mass are risk factors for MetS. 6 – 8 The current consensus on the diagnosis of sarcopenia includes low muscle strength, low skeletal muscle mass, and/or low physical performance. Handgrip strength (HGS) correlates with total muscle strength and has been shown to predict many adverse outcomes including functional decline, falls, and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Association with Grip Strength in Older Adults: Findings from the HOPE Study</p>

Merchant

Chan

Lim

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults and assess the association of MetS and adverse outcomes with handgrip strength (HGS), HGS/ body weight (BWT), and HGS/body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional population study in Singapore. Data were collected on demographics, HGS, Timed-Up and Go (TUG), fasting glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, waist circumference, frailty status, and cognition in 722 older adults ≥65 years old. MetS was defined using the Modified ATP III for Asians where at least three of the following conditions must be fulfilled, central obesity, high blood glucose (or diagnosed diabetes mellitus), high blood pressure (or diagnosed hypertension), low high-density lipoprotein, and high triglycerides. The waist circumference in the Modified ATP III for Asians is ≥90 cm for males or ≥80 cm for females. HGS and HGS normalized by BWT or BMI were used for the association. Results: The prevalence of MetS in older adults was 41.0%, and those ≥85 years old 50.0%. The prevalence was higher in females ≥70 years old, with 8 in 10 females ≥85 years having MetS. After adjusting for age, years of education, physical exercise, as well as history of smoking and alcohol consumption, higher HGS normalized by BWT or BMI was significantly associated with lower odds of having MetS (OR: 0.51,95% CI 0.43-0.61, p<0.01) and (OR: 0.13, 95% CI 0.07-0.24, p<0.01). Conclusion: Almost 1 in 2 older adults had MetS, with the prevalence in females much higher than that in males over 70 years old. Our findings suggest that both HGS/BWT and HGS/BMI had a significant negative association with MetS, its components, and adverse effects. Further studies are needed to validate the association and to determine optimal cutoffs of HGS/BWT and HGS/BMI for MetS, and the effectiveness of interventions in averting the risk.

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Increase in relative skeletal muscle mass over time and its inverse association with metabolic syndrome development: a 7-year retrospective cohort study

Cited by 63 publications

References 54 publications

Fat‐to‐muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

Fat‐to‐muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

Risk for cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome and its components: a 13-year prospective study in the RIVANA cohort

<p>Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Association with Grip Strength in Older Adults: Findings from the HOPE Study</p>

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