Increase in joint stability at the expense of energy efficiency correlates with force variability during a fatiguing task

Cashaback, Joshua G. A.; Cluff, Tyler

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.12.053

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Our results characterizing how well the reference torque could be controlled without and with a shoulder abduction load revealed that the variability in generating elbow torques was greater when participants abducted at their shoulder for both the dominant and non-dominant arm. This finding is aligned with previous studies on motor control that showed an increase in force variability when torques are generated about multiple DOFs [38][39][40][41][42] . In contrast, prior studies indicated that arm dominance affects the variability in postural control 27,43 whereas we did not observe a significant impact of arm dominance on the control of reference torques.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Accuracy of older adults in judging self-generated elbow torques during multi-joint isometric tasks

Cai

Dewald

Gurari

2020

Sci Rep

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Successful execution of daily activities requires accurate perception of the torques one generates about multiple joints. even so, previous studies are mostly limited to an individual's perception when torques are generated about a single joint. consequently, this study investigates how accurately individuals judge torques at their arm during a multi-joint task. The accuracy of fifteen right-hand dominant participants (age: 60 ± 10 years) in matching isometric elbow torques, within the same arm, was quantified during single-and/or multi-joint tasks. Participants generated and matched elbow torques when the shoulder was: (1) not abducted (single-to-single-joint), (2) abducted (multi-to-multijoint), and (3) abducted and then not abducted (multi-to-single-joint). The constant error for the multito-single-joint condition (dominant: 6.9 ± 5.9 Nm, non-dominant: 6.0 ± 5.5 Nm) was greater than that for the single-to-single-joint condition (dominant: 2.7 ± 3.1 Nm, non-dominant: 3.4 ± 2.8 Nm) (p < 0.001) and multi-to-multi-joint condition (dominant: 3.0 ± 2.8 Nm, non-dominant: 3.9 ± 2.7 Nm) (p < 0.001). The constant error for the multi-to-multi-joint condition did not significantly differ from that of the single-to-single-joint condition (p = 0.780). Findings indicate that in older adults the perception of a self-generated torque during a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF), multi-joint task is largely influenced by the motor commands associated with the 2-DOF task and is not specific to the DOF at each joint.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Accuracy of older adults in judging self-generated elbow torques during multi-joint isometric tasks

Cai

Dewald

Gurari

2020

Sci Rep

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“…14,44 Of the tennis studies, 1 emulated a simulated game environment, 43 while the other 2 involved repetitive overhead serves. 52,54 A total of 16 protocols utilized weighted exercise: 5 examined shoulder fatigue, 8,29,32,37,53 6 primarily elbow fatigue, 4-6,30,47,61 and 4 involved both joints. 13,26,28,31…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six studies assessed proprioception and position sense following fatigue protocols. 6,24,29,44,58,59 While specific protocols differed, each investigation essentially required participants to re-create a joint position after upper extremity fatigue. In each of the 6 studies, there were significant changes in acuity of joint angle reproduction, with overall diminished proprioceptive accuracy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fatigue Protocols on Upper Extremity Neuromuscular Function and Implications for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury Prevention

Jildeh

Okoroha

Tramer

et al. 2019

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: As the incidence of overuse injuries to the medial elbow in overhead athletes continues to rise, recent evidence suggests a link between these injuries and alterations in biomechanics produced by athlete fatigue. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of fatigue on elbow injuries using a wide array of fatigue protocols/athletic tasks, and, as a consequence, the results have been heterogeneous. Purpose: To determine whether there is a uniform alteration in neuromuscular function or biomechanics as the overhead athlete fatigues. Furthermore, this study sought to determine whether player fatigue should be accounted for in ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury prevention programs. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review of the literature using PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed. Keywords included fatigue, upper extremity, baseball, pitcher, throwing, and muscle activity. Inclusion criteria consisted of original research articles in the English language involving healthy athletes, use of fatigue protocols, and the evaluation of at least 1 upper limb biomechanical variable. Results: A total of 35 studies involving 644 athletes (90 females, 554 males; mean age, 20.2 years) met the inclusion criteria. General fatigue protocols were used in 2 investigations, peripheral protocols were used in all 35 studies, and 5 different athletic tasks were studied (simulated baseball game, overhead throwing, high-effort swimming, simulated tennis game, and overhead serving). There was a uniform decrease in muscle force production and proprioception in athletes after completing a fatigue protocol. However, there was no consistency among studies when evaluating other important upper limb biomechanical factors. The fatigue protocols did not consistently produce statistically significant changes in elbow torque, pitching biomechanics, or ball velocity. Conclusion: A uniform decrease in muscle force production and proprioception was found after fatigue protocols; however, a majority of fatigue protocols published in the current literature are inconsistently measured and produce heterogeneous results. Therefore, currently, no recommendations can be made for changes in UCL injury prevention training programs to account for potential effects of fatigue. The effect of muscle force production and proprioception on upper extremity injuries should be evaluated in future studies.

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“…However, the combined effects on muscle activity and posture due to bracing has not been examined. Joint stiffness is an important physiological property regulated by the nervous system that is influenced by muscle activity and posture (Cashaback & Cluff, 2015). Thus, a joint stiffness analysis may offer a direct outcome to inform our understanding of the influence of wrist bracing, which may have specific relevance to tree planting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, increased co-contraction leads to greater rotational stiffness about the wrist joint (Holmes et al, 2015). However, increased co-contraction and joint stiffness come with a cost: greater joint loading (Cholewicki & McGill, 1996) and higher energy expenditure (Cashaback & Cluff, 2015; Hogan, 1984). Thus, it is possible that using a brace to externally augment joint stiffness may reduce the need for the sensorimotor system to internally increase muscular contributions to joint rotational stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Ergonomic Benefit of a Wrist Brace on Wrist Posture, Muscle Activity, Rotational Stiffness, and Peak Shovel-Ground Impact Force During a Simulated Tree-Planting Task

2017

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Background Tree planters are at a high risk for wrist injury due to awkward postures and high wrist loads experienced during each planting cycle, specifically at shovel-ground impact. Wrist joint stiffness provides a measure that integrates postural and loading information. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate wrist joint stiffness requirements at the instant of shovel-ground impact during tree planting and determine if a wrist brace could alter muscular contributions to wrist joint stiffness. Method Planters simulated tree planting with and without wearing a brace on their planting arm. Surface electromyography (sEMG) from six forearm muscles and wrist kinematics were collected and used to calculate muscular contributions to joint rotational stiffness about the wrist. Results Wrist joint stiffness increased with brace use, an unanticipated and negative consequence of wearing a brace. As a potential benefit, planters achieved a more neutrally oriented wrist angle about the flexion/extension axis, although a less neutral wrist angle about the ulnar/radial axis was observed. Muscle activity did not change between conditions. Conclusion The joint stiffness analysis, combining kinematic and sEMG information in a biologically relevant manner, revealed clear limitations with the interface between the brace grip and shovel handle that jeopardized the prophylactic benefits of the current brace design. This limitation was not as evident when considering kinematics and sEMG data independently. Application A neuromechanical model (joint rotational stiffness) enhanced our ability to evaluate the brace design relative to kinematic and sEMG parameter-based metrics alone.

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Increase in joint stability at the expense of energy efficiency correlates with force variability during a fatiguing task

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Accuracy of older adults in judging self-generated elbow torques during multi-joint isometric tasks

Accuracy of older adults in judging self-generated elbow torques during multi-joint isometric tasks

Effect of Fatigue Protocols on Upper Extremity Neuromuscular Function and Implications for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury Prevention

Evaluating the Ergonomic Benefit of a Wrist Brace on Wrist Posture, Muscle Activity, Rotational Stiffness, and Peak Shovel-Ground Impact Force During a Simulated Tree-Planting Task

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