Increase in Adhesion Molecules in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Mumps and Mumps Meningitis

Sulik, Artur; Wojtkowska, Małgorzata; Rożkiewicz, Dorota I.; Ołdak, E

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01797.x

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The diagnosis of septic encephalopathy was also dependent on exclusion of other possible causes of brain dysfunction (e. g., metabolic encephalopathy) which has to be considered in the same group of patients. Based on the information from previous studies that disruption or impaired permeability of BBB caused by infection, bacterial toxins and infl ammatory mediators is an essential step in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis and meningoencephalitis [3,22,33] , we hypothesised that related mechanisms may partially be responsible for the pathogenesis of septic encephalopathy. This is the fi rst study in humans which directly investigated the markers for CNS involvement with sepsis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We evaluated the concentrations of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) (marker of infl ammation and endothelium-leukocyte interaction) [22,33] , nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxide (LPO) (markers for membrane lipid peroxidation) [3] and S-100B protein (brain-derived protein and a marker of astrocytes activation and injury) [37] in a group of children with sepsis with and without neurological manifestations and who were hemodynamically stable at presentation. We investigated whether enhancement of these markers is indicative of infl ammatory disturbance of the blood-brain barrier ' function or due to de novo intrathecal synthesis.…”

Section: Aim Of the Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A substantial body of work implies that in response to bacteria and its toxins, various pro-infl ammatory cytokines that enter the CNS upon infection including interleukins (IL-1 and IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ), biomarkers for infl ammation and oxidative stress, are dramatically up-regulated [12] . Infl ammation and oxidative stress play a central role in the development of cerebral edema, vascular damage, CSF pleocytosis and intracranial complications in bacterial meningitis and meningoencepahlitis [3,22,33] . No systematic human study has directly addressed the biomarkers for brain injury in cases of sepsis.…”

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Septic Encephalopathy: Relationship to Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Adhesion Molecules, Lipid Peroxides and S-100B Protein

Hamed

Abdella

2009

Neuropediatrics

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Severe septic illness is often associated with cerebral manifestations such was disturbed consciousness and delirium. Little was known about its effect on the CNS. This is the first study in children that has assessed the direct mediators of brain inflammation and injury with sepsis. The serum and CSF concentrations of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) (marker of endothelium-leukocyte interaction), nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxide (LPO) (markers for lipid peroxidation) and S-100B protein (marker of astrocytes activation and injury), were measured in 40 children with sepsis of whom 40% had moderate to severe septic encephalopathy. Serum from 25 normal children was used for comparison. Serum values of sICAM-1, NO, LPO and S100B were elevated in patients compared to controls. The greater elevation of the CSF:serum albumin ratio suggests loss of blood-brain barrier integrity. After normalising for CSF:serum albumin ratio, we demonstrated a significant intrathecal synthesis of NO, LPO and S100B. Patients with encephalopathy had elevated serum and CSF levels of sICAM-1, NO, LPO and S100B compared to sepsis only. This study indicates that the brain is vulnerable in children with sepsis. It also suggests that coordinated interactions between immune system, vascular endothelial cells, CNS barriers, astrocytes and brain lipid peroxides, may contribute to septic encephalopathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aim Of the Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Septic Encephalopathy: Relationship to Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Adhesion Molecules, Lipid Peroxides and S-100B Protein

Hamed

Abdella

2009

Neuropediatrics

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“…For instance it has been suggested the involvement of adhesion molecules during the early phase of mumps meningitis 21 and other viral meningoencephalitis 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

sICAM-1 intrathecal synthesis and release during the acute phase in children suffering from Coxsackie A9 and S. pneumoniae meningoencephalitis

Dorta‐Contreras

Lewczuk

Padilla-Docal

et al. 2008

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-The intercellular adhesion molecule is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) from normal control children as well as from children with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), with Coxsackie A9 virus meningoencephalitis and with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningoencephalitis were studied. sICAM-1 was quantified using an immunoenzimatic assay and albumin using the immunodiffusion technique in both biological fluids. Increased sICAM-1 values in CSF in patients with GBS correspond to an increase of the albumin CSF/serum quotient. In contrast, in inflammatory diseases like S. pneumoniae and Coxsackie A9 virus meningoencephalitis an increased brain-derived fraction was observed. In particular cases these values are 60-65% and 70-75% respectively. The results indicate an additional synthesis of sICAM-1 in subarachnoidal space during central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory process. An important role of sICAM-1 in the transmigration of different cell types into CSF during CNS inflammation in children with S. pneumoniae and Coxsackie A9 meningoencephalitis may be suggested.Key wordS: cerebrospinal fluid, sICAM-1, Coxsackie A9, Streptococcus pneumoniae, children.Síntesis intratecal de sICAM-1 y liberación durante la fase aguda en niños con meningoencefalitis por Coxsackie A9 y S. pneumoniae Resumen -La molécula de adhesión intercelular es una glicoproteína que pertenece a la superfamilia de las inmunoglobulinas. Se estudiaron los niveles de molécula de adhesión intercelular tipo 1 soluble (sICAM-1) en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCr) de niños con meningoencefalitis por Streptococcus pneumoniae y por Coxsackie A9 al igual que en niños con sindrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB). sICAM-1 fue cuantificado por ensayo inmunoenzimático y la albúmina por inmunodifusión en ambos líquidos biológicos. Los valores incrementados de sICAM-1 en LCr en los pacientes con GBS corresponden a valores aumentados de razón LCr/suero de albúmina. en contraste, en las enfermedades inflamatorias como las meningoencefalitis por S. pneumoniae y por Coxsackie A9 se observa un incremento en la fracción derivada del cerebro. en casos particulares los valores se incrementan hasta un 60-65% y 70-75% respectivamente. Los resultados indican una síntesis adicional de sICAM-1 en el espacio subaracnoideo durante el proceso inflamatorio del sistema nervioso central (SNC). esto puede sugerir un importante papel del sICAM-1 en la transmigración de diferentes tipos celulares en el LCr durante la inflamación del SNC en niños con meningoencefalitis por S pneumoniae y coxsackie A9.PALABrAS-CLAve: líquido cefalorraquídeo, sICAM-1, Coxsackie A9, Streptococcus pneumoniae, niños.

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“…ICAM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like superfamily (43); it is expressed on endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, leukocytes, epithelial cells, macrophages, mitogen-stimulated T lymphoblasts, germinal center B cells, and dendritic cells (48). Soluble isoforms of ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) shed from the surface of activated cells and can be quantified in biological fluids, allowing insights into early events of leukocyte recruitment (47).…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Variations in Young Children with Acute Otitis Media

Liu

Casey

Pichichero

2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Acute otitis media (AOM) is an inflammatory reaction in the middle ear, most often occurring in young children. Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common bacteria isolated. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is involved in the innate immune response to infection by microorganisms, in effective antigen presentation, and in subsequent T-cell activation. Here we prospectively studied levels of serum soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) before, at the time of, and after antimicrobial treatment of AOM in a group of 138 children ages 6 to 30 months. Middle ear fluids were collected by tympanocentesis to identify otopathogens. We found that (i) serum levels of sICAM-1 were significantly higher in S. pneumoniae-, nontypeable H. influenzae-, and M. catarrhalis-infected children than in well children (P < 0.001), confirming that a systemic inflammatory response occurs during AOM; (ii) sICAM-1 levels varied from no elevation (110 ng/ml) to elevation to high levels (maximum, 1,470 ng/ml) among children with AOM; (iii) in paired samples, sICAM-1 levels increased 4-to 20-fold when children developed AOM compared to their sICAM-1 levels before infection; and (iv) the level of sICAM-1 returned to the pre-AOM level at the convalescent stage of AOM after successful antimicrobial therapy. We conclude that AOM often causes a systemic inflammatory reaction, as measured by elevation of the serum sICAM-1 level, and that a high variability in sICAM-1 responses occurs with the presence of otopathogens during AOM.Acute otitis media (AOM) is defined by the presence of middle ear effusion (MEE) with acute onset of symptoms of inflammation of the middle ear. Although more than half of patients who develop AOM have fever (14), the condition is considered a localized, mucosal infection. Currently, AOM is regarded as relatively benign due to spontaneous resolution of the infection in a majority of patients (42). The complications and sequelae of bacterial systemic invasion from the middle ear, including mastoiditis, brain abscess, and meningitis, are sufficiently rare that they have recently been considered less consequential in comparison to the consequences from the costs of antimicrobial treatment and overtreatment (2).The cause and pathogenesis of otitis media are multifactorial, involving viral and bacterial infections. The most frequently isolated bacteria in AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae (20 to 55% of cases), nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (15 to 40%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (10 to 25%) (12,25,29). When bacteria gain entry into the middle ear space, they damage the middle ear mucosa directly by releasing toxins and indirectly by provoking both specific immunological and general inflammatory responses in the host. A prominent feature of the host response is an influx of inflammatory cells into the middle ear.The migration of leukocytes into sites of inflammation is mediated by numerous factors, including intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; CD54). ICAM-1 is a m...

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Increase in Adhesion Molecules in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Mumps and Mumps Meningitis

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Septic Encephalopathy: Relationship to Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Adhesion Molecules, Lipid Peroxides and S-100B Protein

Septic Encephalopathy: Relationship to Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Adhesion Molecules, Lipid Peroxides and S-100B Protein

sICAM-1 intrathecal synthesis and release during the acute phase in children suffering from Coxsackie A9 and S. pneumoniae meningoencephalitis

Serum Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Variations in Young Children with Acute Otitis Media

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