Incorporation of Zn²⁺ ions into BaTiO₃:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ nanophosphor: an effective way to enhance upconversion, defect luminescence and temperature sensing

Abstract

Ferroelectric BaTiO3 became a multifunctional material via doping of lanthanide ions (0.3 mol% Er(3+)/3.0 mol% Yb(3+)) and subsequently upconversion luminescence was enhanced by incorporation of Zn(2+) ions. Upconversion luminescence of BaTiO3:Er(3+)/Yb(3+) perovskite nanophosphor has been studied using 800 and 980 nm laser excitations. The emission dynamics is studied with respect to its dependence on input power and external temperature including lifetime. Based on time-resolved spectroscopy, it is inferred that two types of Er(3+) sites are present in the barium titanate lattice. The first one is a short lived component (minor species) present at 6-coordinated Ti-sites of low symmetry while the second one is a long lived component (major species), present at 12-coordinated Ba-sites with high symmetry. The influence of the introduction of Zn(2+) ions on the lifetime of (4)S3/2 and (4)F9/2 levels of Er(3+) ions is also investigated. Enhanced temperature sensing performance (120 K to 505 K) of the material is observed using the fluorescence intensity ratio technique, employing the emission from the thermally coupled, (2)H11/2 and (4)S3/2 energy levels of Er(3+) ions. The defect luminescence of the material is also found to increase upon Zn-doping.

NaGd(MoO4)2 nanocrystals with diverse morphologies: controlled synthesis, growth mechanism, photoluminescence and thermometric properties

“…Compared with the square plate NaGd(MoO 4 ) 2 : 10% Yb 3+ /1% Er 3+ microcrystals synthesized as previously reported by us (temperature-dependent upconversion luminescence and thermometric sensitivity are shown in Supplementary Figs S9 and S10), the NaGd(MoO 4 ) 2 : 10% Yb 3+ /1% Er 3+ nanocrystals possess a more sensitive thermometric property. The maximum value of sensitivity of the NaGd(MoO 4 ) 2 : Yb 3+ /Er 3+ nanocrystals is 0.01333 K −1 at 285 K, which is higher than reported values of many other Yb 3+ /Er 3+ doped materials in a similar temperature range (around 300 K)2349505152535455.…”

Demonstration of Temperature Dependent Energy Migration in Dual-Mode YVO4: Ho3+/Yb3+ Nanocrystals for Low Temperature Thermometry

“…. Thus the temperature sensor developed in the present work has the highest thermal sensitivity compared to other materials918242627282930314142434445. If we compare the results of decay time, rise time and FIR studies of the present material then two different types of behavior of sensitivity is observed.…”

“…As the temperature increases the population of the 5 F 4 level (541 nm emitting band) increases and the fluorescence from this level increases gradually. The FIR technique uses the intensity ratio of two separate fluorescence wavelengths emitted from two closely spaced thermally coupled levels2425262728424344.…”

(Y0.968Er0.002Yb0.030) 2 O3 Upconverting Particles as Optical Heater

“…The (Y 0.968 Er 0.002 Yb 0.030 ) 2 O 3 particles have been synthesized through urea assisted combustion process [19]. This process has advantages over other usual techniques, e.g.…”