Incorporation of plasticizer into red cells during storage

Rock, G.; Tocchi, Monika; Ganz, Peter; Tackaberry, Eilleen S.

doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1984.24685066808.x

Cited by 80 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This difference has important implications, since it is RCC rather than whole blood which are stored in the majority of blood banks. Longterm storage in the absence of DEHP severely compromises red cell integrity and survival (11).…”

Section: A Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Products in Blood and Blood Components

Rock¹,

Labow²,

Tocchi³

1986

Environmental Health Perspectives

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In order to impart flexibility, plastic medical devices incorporate liquid plasticizers into their structure. Data from several laboratories, including ours, have shown that these compounds leach from blood bags and tubing during collection of blood, storage of various blood components and during kidney dialysis and cell and plasma apheresis procedures. After the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate leaches from poly(vinyl chloride) blood packs, it is converted by a plasma enzyme to a more toxic metabolite, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.Blood fractionation products from outdated plasma contain mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, the highest level being found in normal serum albumin.Recently, we have reported that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate actually binds to the red blood cell membrane and reduces its osmotic fragility. Current methods of red cell storage, which permit utilization up to 35 days after collection, are not possible without this membrane stabilization. Platelets are now stored for 5 days in the Fenwal PL 732 polyolefin bag. Although stated to be essentially free of liquid plasticizers, a significant level of leaching from this bag into the extracts of stored platelet concentrates was observed.

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Section: A Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently found that DEHP binds to the red cell membrane and decreases its osmotic fragility (11). When RCC are stored beyond 21 days in the absence of DEHP considerable hemolysis occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Products in Blood and Blood Components

Rock¹,

Labow²,

Tocchi³

1986

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…One would expect an increase in lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes to lead to increased oxidative damage to their membranes, but this is not the case. Appreciable amounts of DEHP are taken up by erythrocytes and a good part of it is localized in the erythrocyte membrane [20]. When there is an increase in the DEHP taken up by the erythrocytes, there is a corresponding decrease in vitamin E. More important, whenever there is an increase in vitamin E in erythrocytes (when erythrocytes in DEHP are incubated with vitamin E, ubiquinone and curcumin), there is a progressive decrease in DEHP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Lipid Peroxidation of Erythrocytes in Blood Stored in Polyvinyl Chloride Blood Storage Bags Plasticized with Di-[2-Ethyl Hexyl] Phthalate and Effect of Antioxidants

Devi¹,

Kumar²,

Arun³

et al. 1998

Vox Sanguinis

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Background and Objectives: Previous work in this laboratory has shown significant decrease in vitamin E in erythrocytes in blood stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags plasticized with di-[2-ethyl hexyl] phthalate (DEHP), and in erythrocytes incubated in vitro with DEHP. Since vitamin E is a major antioxidant, a study was carried out to find out whether this decrease observed in vitamin E has an effect on lipid peroxidation in blood stored in DEHP-plasticized PVC blood bags. Materials and Methods: Blood was collected in Penpol blood storage bags (which is a DEHP-plasticized PVC bag) and parameters of lipid peroxidation, i.e. activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated dienes, hydroperoxides, glutathione and vitamin E studied in erythrocytes after various periods of storage as compared to glass bottles. Erythrocytes were also incubated in vitro with DEHP with and without vitamin E, and changes in lipid peroxidation studied. Results: Blood stored in Penpol bags showed increased lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes as compared to that stored in glass bottles, as is evident from a greater increase in MDA and a greater decrease in glutathione and a significant decrease in vitamin E. The addition of vitamin E decreased the formation of MDA and conjugated dienes and prevented the decrease in vitamin E. However in spite of increased lipid peroxidation in the presence of DEHP, the release of K⁺ and hemoglobin from erythrocytes was lower. When there was an increase in DEHP taken up by erythrocytes, there was a corresponding decrease in vitamin E. More important, whenever there was an increase in vitamin E in erythrocytes (when RBCs in the presence of DEHP were incubated with vitamin E), there was a progressive decrease in DEHP. Conclusion: DEHP caused increased lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. At the same time, it decreased the release of K⁺ and hemoglobin from erythrocytes. It is possible that the stabilizing effect of DEHP on the erythrocyte membrane may offset the detrimental effects of the increased lipid peroxidation it causes.

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“…In PL 146 DEHP (di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate) plasticizer is used and this is easily extracted from the plastic, is fat-soluble and is known to be accumulated in the cell membrane (71). DEHP has been found to inhibit phospholipase A, activity and can thereby decrease the platelet aggregation ability (72).…”

Section: Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage of Human Red Blood Cells and Platelets

Solberg

1988

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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Y 1. Storage renders erythrocytes more responsive to thermally induced morphological changes, especially the shedding of microvesicles. 4-8 week old cells can be morphologically "rejuvenated" by heating.2. If pH increases during storage of platelets an extensive loss of small particles occurs. The platelet disintegration is associated with a loss in the metabolic activity, discharge of LDH, increased suseptibility to phospholipid hydrolysis by phospholipase C and is found to be initiated during the actual preparation of platelet concentrates.3. Activation of platelets during preparation can be decreased by shortening the first centrifugation time or by using adenine in the anticoagulant. 4.A 4 hour prestorage of the whole blood unit prior to centrifugation strongly decreases the activation of platelets upon stimuli and results in platelet concentates much more stable to storage.

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Incorporation of plasticizer into red cells during storage

Cited by 80 publications

References 21 publications

Distribution of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Products in Blood and Blood Components

Distribution of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Products in Blood and Blood Components

Increased Lipid Peroxidation of Erythrocytes in Blood Stored in Polyvinyl Chloride Blood Storage Bags Plasticized with Di-[2-Ethyl Hexyl] Phthalate and Effect of Antioxidants

Storage of Human Red Blood Cells and Platelets

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