Incidence of Simian Crease in Normal Nepalese Children

Abstract

Backgroud Simian crease is usually associated with some chromosomal anomalies and syndromes but it is also seen in some populations without any chromosomal defects. Objective To see the incidence of simian crease in children without chromosomal anomalies and to detect the Ethnic group variations. Methods A prospective study in children attending the paediatric outpatient department of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. –2,067 children were screened randomly from the 1st June 2007 to the 31st December 2007. Palm crease and axial triradius angle were detected in every child. Axial Triradius angle was compared between those who have simian crease to those who do not simian crease.Children who were found with simian crease underwent IQ testing. The exclusion criteria were children with Down syndrome, other chromosomal and minor anomalies, plus or any other chronic disease condition. Results 2,067children (1,084 boys & 983 girls) were screened. Among them four were cases of Down syndrome so were excluded from the study. Finally total of 2,063 (1,082 boys & 981 girls) were the study group. There were a total 14 ethnic groups who attended the outpatient department of Manipal Hospital during a seven months period. Among the seven ethnic groups Brahaman, Gurung, Tamang, Lama, Newar, Chettri and Dalit had single palmar crease. The incidence of simian crease was14.6%.This incidence was highly significant (p<0001) in Lama population (71.2%). In these seven ethnic groups axial triradius angle was compared between those who had simian crease and with those who did not have simian crease. Comparisons were made statistically and found to be significant. ConclusionIncidence of simian crease in Nepalese children was 14.6% and was observed only in certain ethnic groups. It was significantly high in the Lama population (71.2%0.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6241 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(4):410-14

Prevalence of palmar crease patterns and associated factors among students at University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

“…This was in line with a study conducted in India [ 8 ] and a study conducted among Korean and Iran populations also revealed significantly higher in males [ 7 , 16 ]. A similar report was found among different studies [ 2 , 11 , 24 ]. In the present study, males had higher odds of sydney crease pattern than normal crease pattern.…”

“…In the current study, the prevalence of the simian crease pattern was 5% (95% CI: 4.1, 5.9). It was comparatively similar to studies conducted in Nigerian (4.1%) and Jewish (4.6%) [ 2 , 8 ], but lower than other studies conducted in a different part of the world [ 7 , 8 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 24 ]. On the other side, the finding of this study was higher than studies conducted in Japanese (4%), Swiss (1.2%), and Germans (2.8%) [ 2 , 8 , 9 ] ( Fig.…”

“…Simian, sydney, and suwon creases are considered as variant types of palmar creases and are mainly associated with chromosomal abnormalities and congenital diseases [ 8 - 10 ]. Palmar crease patterns are genetically determined variables, which differ from population to population [ 5 , 8 , 11 ] and help to discover the anthropologic characteristics of a population [ 5 - 7 ]. Variant types of palmar crease patterns such as Simian and Sydney crease formation are greatly influenced by fetal developmental abnormalities like premature and small for gestational age infants [ 12 ].…”

“…The presence of these variant palmar creases patterns do not necessarily always signify abnormality in genetic property or other anthropologic characteristics as it has been observed in some normal individuals and, some were exceptionally intelligent [ 2 ]. Palmar crease patterns have significantly associated with sex [ 8 , 9 ], ethnicities [ 11 , 12 , 14 , 16 ], symmetries between two palms [ 4 , 8 ], handedness [ 8 ], body sides [ 8 ] and points of origin of the primary palmar crease. Since palmar crease study is helpful in revealing the anthropologic characteristics of the populations, it is better to study in countries that have different ethnic groups like Ethiopia.…”

The simian crease: Relationship to various genetic disorders

“…). Among these variations, the simian crease stands out as the most medically researched owing to its abnormal appearance (Malla et al, ). Although nearly 10% of the population with a normal karyotype have a simian crease unilaterally and around 5% bilaterally, this crease is most often a phenotypic indicator of various chromosomal disorders and syndromes (Sunilkumar, ) (Figs.…”