Incidence of dystrophies caused by fluorine in organs regulated by the parathyroid glands

Spira, Leo

doi:10.1017/s0022172400013164

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1946

1965

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Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

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1965

Fluorine Chemistry

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1965

Fluorine Chemistry

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Fluorine alopecia

Spira¹

1946

Epidemiol. Infect.

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A high proportion of young men in this country suffer from premature baldness. Alopecia is not a disease entity but one of the outstanding features of chronic fluorine poisoning (fluorosis). It is frequently associated with dystrophies of other organs of ectodermal origin, namely, those of the skin and its other appendages, the teeth and nails. Since all these organs are regulated by the parathyroid glands, it is concluded that alopecia, too, is produced by fluorine acting through the medium of these endocrine glands. By its ability to precipitate the calcium content of the body, fluorine may lay the foundation for alopecia already in intra-uterine life, or produce it at any time after birth.The action of fluorine is closely similar to that of thallium. There is ample evidence to show that in both fluorosis and chronic thallium poisoning the vegetative nervous system is vitally involved.Toxic alopecia due. to fluorine is preventable.

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Some skin manifestations in hypoparathyroidism

Spira¹

1947

J. Hyg.

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A complex disease picture prevalent in this country has been traced (Spira, 1928) to the protracted ingestion of drinking water derived from the tap, and of food prepared in aluminium cooking utensils. No indication could at that time be given of the exact irritant, beyond stating that a mineral or metal seemed to be involved. Further observation revealed a frequent association with paraesthesiae affecting the hands and fingers, especially those supplied by the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve. The feet were affected to a lesser extent. Since there is, in the present state of our knowledge, only one poison which affects the ulnar nerve, namely, fluorine, Spira (1933) concluded that it may be this halogen which was one of the aetiological factors concerned. It was the wide-spread occurrence of mottled teeth in this country (Spira, 1942a,b), known to be produced by a drinking water with a content of not less than 1 part of fluorine per million parts of water (1 p.p.m.), equivalent to gr. 1/120 of fluorine to a pint of water, ingested during the period of calcification of the teeth, which helped to establish the fact that it is indeed fluorine which is the causative agent producing signs and symptoms of a hitherto obscure origin.

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Incidence of dystrophies caused by fluorine in organs regulated by the parathyroid glands

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

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Fluorine alopecia

Some skin manifestations in hypoparathyroidism

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