Incidence of Carpal Coalition in the Pediatric Population

Abstract

Level IV-prognostic case series.

Capitate-trapezoid synostosis: analysis of an Early Bronze Age case and review of the literature

“…The most frequent pattern recorded in the literature is the lunate-triquetral synostosis [14,39,42]. From a paleopathological perspective, the most ancient case of synostosis of carpal bones, namely a lunate-triquetral coalition, was found in a Neanderthal individual dated at 74.000 to 68.000 years BP [32].…”

“…From a paleopathological perspective, the most ancient case of synostosis of carpal bones, namely a lunate-triquetral coalition, was found in a Neanderthal individual dated at 74.000 to 68.000 years BP [32]. In contrast, CTS has a very uncommon occurrence [14,39,42], with only sparse data available in the literature. Of note, a systematic review of the existing literature on CTS is currently lacking.…”

“…The most common type is lunate-triquetral synostosis, which accounts for around 90% of all cases in adults [14] and 69.2% of all cases in the paediatric population [39]. CTS is assumed to be one of the rarest but reported prevalence estimates vary widely.…”

“…The most common situation implicates lunate and triquetral coalition, followed by the joining of capitate and hamate bones [14,39,42]. In contrast, capitate-trapezoid synostosis (CTS) is assumed to be quite rare [14,39,42], only a few cases having been reported in the literature. Notably, a complete overview of such sparse data is missing.…”

“…Here, a developmental failure occurs between the 4 th to 8 th week of embryonic life at the site of the future joint space, followed by chondrification of the articular interzone that causes lack of separation of two or more carpal bones [12,19]. The true preva-lence of CC in the general population is not well defined and estimates vary considerably across different ethnic groups [7,14,39,42]. In the vast majority of cases, CC represents an isolated, often asymptomatic, defect involving two adjacent bone elements of the same carpal row.…”